67 research outputs found

    Impacts de différents scénarios sylvicoles sur la diversité des coléoptères dans la sapinière à bouleau blanc, 20 ans après perturbations

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    Nous avons comparé trois scénarios sylvicoles pratiqués il y a 20 ans dans la sapinière à bouleau blanc, après une coupe de récupération de peuplements sévèrement endommagés par la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette. Le dispositif se situait dans la réserve faunique des Laurentides et dans le Parc national de la Jacques-Cartier. Un total de 3124 coléoptères a été capturé à l’aide de pièges à impact, dont 168 espèces saproxyliques (dépendant du bois mort ou moribond) et 98 non-saproxyliques. Malgré des volumes de bois mort au sol relativement importants (46m³/ha) dans les peuplements aménagés, les assemblages de coléoptères saproxyliques différaient entre les sites récupérés et non récupérés, même si l’abondance et la richesse spécifique étaient semblables. Des différences peu importantes ont été observées entre les trois scénarios sylvicoles. Vingt ans plus tard, la coupe de récupération apparaît toujours comme l’élément perturbateur ayant entrainé les plus grands changements dans le biotope.We compared three silvicultural scenarios implemented 20 years ago after salvage logging of severely damaged balsam fir/white birch stands by the spruce budworm. The study area was located in the réserve faunique des Laurentides and Parc national de La Jacques-Cartier. Overall, 3124 beetles were captured with impact traps, 168 species being saproxylic (dependent of dead wood or moribund trees) and 98 non-saproxylic. Despite the relatively high amounts of down dead wood (46m³/ha) found in managed stands, saproxylic beetle assemblages differed among salvaged and non salvaged stands, even if beetle abundance and richness were similar. Slight differences were observed between the three silvicultural scenarios but 20 years later, salvage logging still appears as the disturbance element that brought the most important changes into the biotope

    What characteristics of funding, provision and regulation are associated with effective social investment in ECEC in England, France and Germany?

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    Early childhood education and care (ECEC) is seen as a crucial element of the social investment state. Whilst the extent of social investment in ECEC depends on financial expenditure, its effectiveness depends on certain conditions being met, namely affordable, high quality provision being available. We explore policy development and the role played by government in the funding, provision and regulation of ECEC in England, France and Germany and then compare them in terms of availability, affordability and quality. We argue that for children aged three and over, social investment can be deemed to be broadly effective in France and Germany, but in England quality is compromised by low staff qualification levels in private childcare centres. For children under three, effective social investment is elusive in all countries although as a result of different conditions not being met. Our findings lead us to question the limitations of the concept of social investment in ECEC, particularly in marketised contexts

    Lamellar Liquid Crystals of In-Plane Lying Rod-Like Mesogens with Designer Side-Chains: the Case of Sliding vs Locked Layers

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    The dimensionality of self-assembled nano-structures plays an essential role for their properties and applications. Here we provide an understanding of the transition from weakly to strongly coupled lamellea in soft matter systems involving in-plane organized π-conjugated rods. For this purpose bolaamphiphilic triblock molecules consisting of a rigid biphenyl core, polar glycerol groups at the ends, and a branched (swallow-tail) or linear alkyl or semiperfluoroalkyl chain in lateral position have been synthesized and investigated. Besides weakly coupled lamellar isotropic (LamIso), lamellar nematic (LamN) and sliding lamellar smectic phases (LamSm) a sequence of three distinct types of strongly coupled (correlated) lamellar smectic phases with either centered (c2mm) or non-centered rectangular (p2mm) lattice and an intermediate oblique lattices (p2) were observed depending on chain length, chain branching and degree of chain fluorination. This new sequence is explained by the strengthening of the layer coupling and the competition between energetic packing constraints and the entropic contribution of either longitudinal or tangential fluctuations. This example of directed side chain engineering of small generic model compounds provides general clues for morphological design of two-dimensional and three-dimensionally coupled lamellar systems involving larger π-conjugated molecular rods and molecular or supramolecular polymers, being of contemporary interest

    La préscolarisation du jeune enfant en milieu rural

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    Nursery schooling in rural areas. As the result of reproduction rate falling for the last twenty years~small children aren't proportionaly more numerous than in 1945. To the opposition between young populated areas and elderly populated ones can be added the opposition between towns and the country. In these circumstancies, what can be done to allow small children coming from rural sparcely populated areas, to get into infant schools? The varied choosen methods must suit the local realities and prospects and demand a real vitality from the villages. Such a kind of schooling can only take a place thanks to considerable subsidies. Therefore can such a system hope to survive?En France, en 1985, les jeunes enfants ne sont pas, en proportion, plus nombreux qu'à la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale. Au clivage entre régions «jeunes» et régions «vieillies», s'ajoute l'opposition entre villes et campagnes. Dans ces conditions, comment faire pour que les jeunes enfants des zones rurales, aux faibles densités de population, puissent être accueillis dans des classes maternelles? Les divers moyens utilisés doivent être bien adaptés aux réalités et aux perspectives locales et exigent une certaine vitalité des communautés villageoises. Une telle scolarisation, ne peut avoir lieu que grâce à des subventions importantes. Dès lors, un tel système peut- il être viable à long terme?Norvez Alain. La préscolarisation du jeune enfant en milieu rural. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1986-2. Visages de la population de la France - Faces of french population [Changements démographiques et géographiques de la population de la France. Poitiers novembre 1985.] pp. 129-137

    La raréfaction du jeune enfant dans un milieu familial en transformation rapide

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    Norvez Alain. La raréfaction du jeune enfant dans un milieu familial en transformation rapide. In: Enfance, n°1, 1998. pp. 87-97

    Le corps enseignant et l'évolution démographique. Effectifs des enseignants du second degré et besoins futurs. Présentation d'un cahier de l'INED

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    Norvez Alain. Le corps enseignant et l'évolution démographique. Effectifs des enseignants du second degré et besoins futurs. Présentation d'un cahier de l'INED. In: Population, 33ᵉ année, n°1, 1978. pp. 149-156

    De la naissance à l'école. Santé, modes de garde, préscolarité dans la France contemporaine. Présentation d'un Cahier de l'INED

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    Norvez Alain. De la naissance à l'école. Santé, modes de garde, préscolarité dans la France contemporaine. Présentation d'un Cahier de l'INED. In: Population, 46ᵉ année, n°1, 1991. pp. 105-111

    From landfilling to vitrimer chemistry in rubber life cycle

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    Coatings of hydroxyapatite–bioactive glass microparticles for adhesion to biological tissues

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    International audienceCoatings of hydroxyapatite–bioactive glass microparticles are proposed as a way to create adhesion between hydrogels and biological tissues using adsorption of the microparticles across the interface
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