Effects of Chlorogenic Acid-Enriched and Hydroxyhydroquinone-Reduced Coffee on Postprandial Fat Oxidation and Antioxidative Capacity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial

Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) reduce blood pressure and body fat, and enhance fat metabolism. In roasted coffee, CGAs exist together with the oxidant component hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ). HHQ counteracts the antihypertensive effects of CGA, but its effects on CGA-induced fat oxidation (FOX) are unknown. Here we assessed the effects of CGA-enriched and HHQ-reduced coffee on FOX. Fifteen healthy male volunteers (age: 38 ± 8 years (mean ± SD); BMI: 22.4 ± 1.5 kg/m2) participated in this crossover study. Subjects consumed the test beverage (coffee) containing the same amount of CGA with HHQ (CGA-HHQ(+)) or without HHQ (CGA-HHQ(−)) for four weeks. Postprandial FOX and the ratio of the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) to the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) as an indicator of oxidative stress were assessed. After the four-week intervention, postprandial FOX and the postprandial BAP/d-ROMs ratio were significantly higher in the CGA-HHQ(−) group compared with the CGA-HHQ(+) group (4 ± 23 mg/min, group effect: p = 0.040; 0.27 ± 0.74, group effect: p = 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, reducing the amount of HHQ facilitated the postprandial FOX effects of CGA in coffee. Our findings also suggest that the mechanism underlying the inhibition of FOX by HHQ is related to postprandial oxidative stress

小児期特有の疾患をもちながら生活してきた患者が、小児期から成人期へ移行する過程の体験

小児から成人へ移行する時期にある患者は、どのような体験をし、どのような看護援助を必要としているのかを明らかにする目的で本研究を行った。研究方法は、研究協力に同意が得られた16歳から30歳の慢性疾患をもつ8名を対象に、半構成的インタビューを行い、グランデッドセオリーの手法により小児看護の専門家のスーパーバイズを得て、継続的比較分析を行った。本研究の結果は、オープンコーディングの分析段階において、移行しつつある患者の体験についての語りから浮上した塊を整理したものであり、以下の11の主要な特徴が見出された。1.「病気」であることは知っているが、「病気」をもつことの意味が分からない。2.(壁にあたって)皆と違う「病気の自分」を思い知る。3.病気をもつ自分と周囲の隔たりを感じる。4.病気の自分を受け入れてくれる「場」を求める。5.このまま頼ってはいられない。6.病気であることに馴れてくる。7.病気がもたらす限界に甘んじる。8.将来の見通しがたたない不安-不安を先送りにする。9.支えられている実感をもつ。10.限界があってもできることはあるはず。11.小児医療の世界と外の世界は違う。これらの特徴は、ある程度の順序性で並ぶことがうかがわれた。小児期に発病し青年期に達した患者が自分の病気に気づく上で、「壁にあたる」という身体の限界を自覚するような切り替えの時期があることや、「病気の私が私」のように病気と自分を結びつけて整理し、アイデンティティを築いていく成長過程があることがうかがわれた。Purpose: This study researched pediatric patients experience and expectation to nursing while transiting from child to adult. Methods: Eight youths who were pediatric patients in participated and were interviewed with consent to the data were analyzed using the study. Interview data was analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Results: The stage of analysis was open coding. The following are the 11 characteristics found in their narratives describing their experiences of the transition to adulthood. 1. Though I am aware I have an illness, I don\u27t understand what having an illness means. 2. I was surprised to realize I was ill and different from others. 3. I feel there is a distance between myself (with an illness) and others. 4. I look for a place where they will accept me with my illness. 5. I begin to think that I can not depend on others as I do now. 6. I am getting use to having an illness. 7. I have started to become content with the limits caused by my illness. 8. I have anxiety that there is no hope in the future. 9. I have the feeling of being supported. 10. Although I am limited (by my illness), there must be something I can do. 11. I realize the world of pediatrics is different from the outside world