Influence de la teneur en protéines des laits artificiels d’allaitement sur les réponses glycémiques et insulinémiques post prandiales chez le porcelet pris comme modèle du nouveau-né humain

National audienc

Does early oligosaccharides consumption affect pancreas maturation ?

International audienc

Addition of dairy lipids and probiotic lactobacillus fermentum in infant formulas modulates proteolysis and lipolysis with moderate consequences on gut physiology and metabolism in yucatan piglets

International audienceBreast milk is the gold standard in neonatal nutrition, but most infants are fed infant formulas in which lipids are usually of plant origin. The addition of dairy lipids and/or milk fat globule membrane extracts in formulas improves their composition with beneficial consequences on protein and lipid digestion. The probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum (Lf) was reported to reduce transit time in rat pups, which may also improve digestion. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the addition of dairy lipids in formulas, with or without Lf, on protein and lipid digestion and on gut physiology and metabolism. Piglets were suckled from postnatal days 2 to 28, with formulas containing either plant lipids (PL), a half-half mixture of plant and dairy lipids (DL), or this mixture supplemented with Lf (DL+Lf). At day 28, piglets were euthanized 90 min after their last feeding. Microstructure of digesta did not differ among formulas. Gastric proteolysis was increased (P < 0.01) in DL and DL+Lf (21.9 ± 2.1 and 22.6 ± 1.3%, respectively) compared with PL (17.3 ± 0.6%) and the residual proportion of gastric intact caseins decreased (p < 0.01) in DL+Lf (5.4 ± 2.5%) compared with PL and DL (10.6 ± 3.1% and 21.8 ± 6.8%, respectively). Peptide diversity in ileum and colon digesta was lower in PL compared to DL and DL+Lf. DL and DL+Lf displayed an increased (p < 0.01) proportion of diacylglycerol/cholesterol in jejunum and ileum digesta compared to PL and tended (p = 0.07) to have lower triglyceride/total lipid ratio in ileum DL+Lf (0.019 ± 0.003) as compared to PL (0.045 ± 0.011). The percentage of endocrine tissue and the number of islets in the pancreas were decreased (p < 0.05) in DL+Lf compared with DL. DL+Lf displayed a beneficial effect on host defenses [increased goblet cell density in jejunum (p < 0.05)] and a trophic effect [increased duodenal (p = 0.09) and jejunal (p < 0.05) weights]. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the addition of dairy lipids and probiotic Lf in infant formula modulated protein and lipid digestion, with consequences on lipid profile and with beneficial, although moderate, physiological effects

L’incorporation de matière grasse laitière et L. fermentum CECT 5716 dans des formules infantiles modifie les fonctions barrière et immunitaire intestinales sans effet sur les conséquences métaboliques d’un régime hyperénergétique chez le miniporc adulte

L’incorporation de matière grasse laitière et [i]L. fermentum CECT 5716[/i] dans des formules infantiles modifie les fonctions barrière et immunitaire intestinales sans effet sur les conséquences métaboliques d’un régime hyperénergétique chez le miniporc adulte. 16. Journées Francophones de Nutrition (JFN

Incorporation of dairy lipids and Lactobacillus fermentum in infant formulas: long-term effects on intestinal permeability, mucosal immunity and metabolism in a minipig model

International audienceIncorporation of dairy lipids and [i]Lactobacillus fermentum[/i] in infant formulas: long-term effects on intestinal permeability, mucosal immunity and metabolism in a minipig model. 4. International Conference on Nutrition & Growth Conferenc

Early modulation of gut digestion and microbiota in piglets by the addition of dairy lipids and probiotic L. fermentum in infant formula(s)

International audienceEarly modulation of gut digestion and microbiota in piglets by the addition of dairy lipids and probiotic L. fermentum in infant formula(s). 3. International Neonatology Association Conference (INAC

Dairy lipids and L. fermentum incorporation in infant formula has long-term effects on intestinal permeability and immunity but no effect on metabolic dysfunction induced by an obesogenic diet in a minipig model

Dairy lipids and L. fermentum incorporation in infant formula has long-term effects on intestinal permeability and immunity but no effect on metabolic dysfunction induced by an obesogenic diet in a minipig model . 3. Colloque de la Société Francophone pour la recherche et l'éducation sur les Origines Développementales, Environnementales et Epigénétiques de la Santé et des Maladies (SF-DOHAD

Impact d'une exposition périnatale au sucre et au gras via le régime maternel sur le comportement, les adaptations, métaboliques et cérébrales de miniporcs Yucatan

National audienceIntroduction: A lot of evidences defend the existence of a relationship between a Western diet and the increase of obesity prevalence (OMS, 2011). Particularly, the quality of early nutrition has a long-term impact on the offspring’s phenotype and health status (Barker, 1989). The aim of our study was to explore in the Yucatan minipig model the impact of the maternal diet (High Fat Fructose diet, HFF versus standard diet, STD) during pregnancy and lactation on the cognitive and hedonic functions of the offspring at the adult age, through behavioural assessments and brain imaging, combined with metabolic and physiological explorations. A challenge with an obesogenic diet was then performed to assess its effects on eating behaviour, weight gain and blood parameters.Material & methods: Learning and memory performances were tested using the holeboard discrimination task, with a palatable food reward (M&M’s®), and an Alley maze test, independent from food reward. Eating behaviour was explored with a two-choice feed test and an operant conditioning test with progressive ratio. In parallel, the brain basal glucose metabolism was investigated using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and the dopaminergic brain reward system (in particular the striatum) was explored using DAT-scan imaging. Biologic samples were collected for blood profiles and analysis of the gut microbiota activity (FFA).Results: We showed that early nutrition could indirectly impact cognitive performances, modulating the emotional status in a high-anxiogenic/low-motivating (maze) situation, but not in low-anxiogenic/high-motivating situation (holeboard). As a matter of fact, STD better succeeded in the maze, whereas no difference appeared during the holeboard test. During the feeding tests, HFF showed a tendency to eat more than STD group. Brain sub-activations in the anterior prefrontal cortex and accumbens nucleus, as well as impairment of the striatal dopaminergic system were observed, which may explain eating behavior differences between HFF and STD. On the other hand, HFF presented better lipids profiles than STD. After an obesogenic challenge, we surprisingly observed that STD ate and gained more weight than HFF, while HFF inflammatory status was higher than STD. Conclusion: All these results suggest that HFF maternal western diet had a deleterious impact on the neurocognitive functions, in a high stressful situation, of the offspring and modulated its responses to an obesogenic dietary challenge.Key words: nutritional imprinting, behavior, brain, reward system, memory, learning, minipig

Addition of dairy lipids and probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716 in infant formula programs gut microbiota, epithelial permeability, immunity and GLP-1 secretion in adult minipigs

International audienc

Addition of dairy lipids and probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum in infant formula programs gut microbiota and entero-insular axis in adult minipigs

International audienceClinical and animal studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of early consumption of dairy lipids and a probiotic, Lactobacillus fermentum (Lf), on infant gut physiology. The objective of this study was to investigate their long-term effects on gut microbiota and host entero-insular axis and metabolism. Piglets were suckled with a milk formula containing only plant lipids (PL), a half-half mixture of plant lipids and dairy lipids (DL), or this mixture supplemented with Lf (DL + Lf). They were weaned on a standard diet and challenged with a high-energy diet until postnatal day 140. DL and DL + Lf modulated gut microbiota composition and metabolism, increasing abundance of several Clostridia genera. Moreover, DL + Lf specifically decreased the faecal content of 2-oxoglutarate and lysine compared to PL and 5-aminovalerate compared to PL and DL. It also increased short-chain fatty acid concentrations like propionate compared to DL. Furthermore, DL + Lf had a beneficial effect on the endocrine function, enhancing caecal GLP-1 and GLP-1 meal-stimulated secretion. Correlations highlighted the consistent relationship between microbiota and gut physiology. Together, our results evidence a beneficial programming effect of DL + Lf in infant formula composition on faecal microbiota and entero-insular axis function