393 research outputs found
Rule-driven News Captioning
News captioning task aims to generate sentences by describing named entities
or concrete events for an image with its news article. Existing methods have
achieved remarkable results by relying on the large-scale pre-trained models,
which primarily focus on the correlations between the input news content and
the output predictions. However, the news captioning requires adhering to some
fundamental rules of news reporting, such as accurately describing the
individuals and actions associated with the event. In this paper, we propose
the rule-driven news captioning method, which can generate image descriptions
following designated rule signal. Specifically, we first design the news-aware
semantic rule for the descriptions. This rule incorporates the primary action
depicted in the image (e.g., "performing") and the roles played by named
entities involved in the action (e.g., "Agent" and "Place"). Second, we inject
this semantic rule into the large-scale pre-trained model, BART, with the
prefix-tuning strategy, where multiple encoder layers are embedded with
news-aware semantic rule. Finally, we can effectively guide BART to generate
news sentences that comply with the designated rule. Extensive experiments on
two widely used datasets (i.e., GoodNews and NYTimes800k) demonstrate the
effectiveness of our method
The spectrum of low- in heavy ion collisions in a fractal description
Transverse momentum spectrum of particles in hadron gas are affected by flow,
quantum and strong interaction effects. Previously, most models focus on only
one of the three effects but ignore others. The unconsidered effects are taken
into the fitted parameters. In this paper, we study the three effects together
from a new fractal angle by physical calculation instead of data fitting. Near
the critical temperature, the three effects induce and neighboring
meson to form a two-meson structure. We set up a two-particle fractal (TPF)
model to describe this structure. We propose that under the three effects,
- two-meson state, and two-quark states form a
self-similarity structure. With evolution, the two-meson structure
disintegrate. We introduce an influencing factor to describe the
flow, quantum and strong interaction effects and an escort factor to
describe the binding force and the three effects. By solving the probability
and entropy equations, we obtain the values of and at different
collision energies and centrality classes. By substituting the value of
into distribution function, we obtain the transverse momentum
spectrum of low- and find it in good agreement with experimental
data. We also analyze the evolution of with the temperature. It is
found that is larger than 1. This is because the three effects
decrease the number of microstates. We also find decreases with
decreasing the temperature. This is consistent with the fact that with the
system expansion, the influence of the three effects decrease.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
How to Understand Named Entities: Using Common Sense for News Captioning
News captioning aims to describe an image with its news article body as
input. It greatly relies on a set of detected named entities, including
real-world people, organizations, and places. This paper exploits commonsense
knowledge to understand named entities for news captioning. By ``understand'',
we mean correlating the news content with common sense in the wild, which helps
an agent to 1) distinguish semantically similar named entities and 2) describe
named entities using words outside of training corpora. Our approach consists
of three modules: (a) Filter Module aims to clarify the common sense concerning
a named entity from two aspects: what does it mean? and what is it related to?,
which divide the common sense into explanatory knowledge and relevant
knowledge, respectively. (b) Distinguish Module aggregates explanatory
knowledge from node-degree, dependency, and distinguish three aspects to
distinguish semantically similar named entities. (c) Enrich Module attaches
relevant knowledge to named entities to enrich the entity description by
commonsense information (e.g., identity and social position). Finally, the
probability distributions from both modules are integrated to generate the news
captions. Extensive experiments on two challenging datasets (i.e., GoodNews and
NYTimes) demonstrate the superiority of our method. Ablation studies and
visualization further validate its effectiveness in understanding named
entities
Effects of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor on Local Inflammation in Experimental Stroke of Rat
This study was aimed to investigate whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can modulate local cerebral inflammation in ischemic stroke. Rats were subjected to ischemia by occluding the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 2 hours. Rats were randomized as control, BDNF, and antibody groups. The local inflammation was evaluated on cellular, cytokine, and transcription factor levels with immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time qPCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, respectively. Exogenous BDNF significantly improved motor-sensory, sensorimotor function, and vestibulomotor function, while BDNF did not decrease the infarct volume. Exogenous BDNF increased the number of both activated and phagocytotic microglia in brain. BDNF upregulated interleukin10 and its mRNA expression, while downregulated tumor necrosis factor α and its mRNA expression. BDNF also increased DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B. BDNF antibody, which blocked the activity of endogenous BDNF, showed the opposite effect of exogenous BDNF. Our data indicated that BDNF may modulate local inflammation in ischemic brain tissues on the cellular, cytokine, and transcription factor levels
Treatment of Nutrient-rich Municipal Wastewater Using Mixotrophic Strain Chlorella kessleri GXLB-9
Growing algae on wastewaters offers a promising way for effective N and P recycling as well as low-cost algal biofuel feedstock accumulation. In this study, a locally isolated microalgae strain Chlorella kessleri GXLB-9 (C. kessleri GXLB-9), was evaluated for growth and nutrient removal efficiency grown in nutrient-rich wastewater centrifuged from activated sludge (NWCAS). And 3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl urea (DCMU), one chemical that could block microalgae-based photosynthetic pathway, was used to evaluate the growth mode (autotrophy, heterotrophy or mixotrophy) of C. kessleri GXLB-9. The results showed that C. kessleri GXLB-9 was a facultative heterotrophic strain and 7-day batch cultivation idicated that the maximal removal efficiencies for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were over 59%, 81%, and 88%, respectively, with high growth rate (0.490 d-1) and high biomass productivity (269 mg L-1 d-1). In addition, the impact of light-dark cycle on algae growth and nutrient removal was minimal while pH has significant impact on both algae growth and nutrient removal efficiency
Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 Negatively Regulates the P1 Promoter of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Gene and Inhibits Chicken Adipogenesis
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a master regulator of adipogenesis, and alterations in its function are associated with various pathological processes related to metabolic syndrome. Recently, we found that the chicken PPARγ gene is regulated by three alternative promoters (P1, P2 and P3), producing five different transcript isoforms and two protein isoforms. In this study, the P1 promoter structure was characterized. Bioinformatics identified six putative nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) binding sites in the P1 promoter, and a reporter assay showed that NRF1 inhibited the activity of the P1 promoter. Of the six putative NRF1 binding sites, individual mutations of three of them abolished the inhibitory effect of NRF1 on P1 promoter activity. Furthermore, a ChIP assay indicated that NRF1 directly bound to the P1 promoter, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that NRF1 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with PPARγ1 expression (Pearson’s r = -0.148, p = 0.033). Further study showed that NRF1 overexpression inhibited the differentiation of the immortalized chicken preadipocyte cell line (ICP1), which was accompanied by reduced PPARγ1 mRNA expression. Taken together, our findings indicated that NRF1 directly negatively regulates the P1 promoter of the chicken PPARγ gene and inhibits adipogenesis
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