Intra-seasonal variability of Southern Ocean primary production: the role of storms and mesoscale turbulence

The Southern Ocean is one of the stormiest places on earth; here strong mid-latitude storms frequently traverse large distances of this ocean. Underlying these passing storms, the Southern Ocean is characterized by having some of the highest eddy kinetic energy ever measured (eddies occupying the meso to sub-mesoscale). The presence of the passage of intense storms and meso to sub-mesoscale eddy variability has the potential to strongly impact the intraseasonal variability of the upper ocean environment where phytoplankton live. Yet, exactly how phytoplankton growth rates and its variability are impacted by the dominance of such features is not clear. Herein, lies the problem addressed by the core of this thesis, which seeks to advance the understanding of intra-seasonal variability of Southern Ocean primary production. The drivers of this intra-seasonal variability have been explored from two points of view: the local-scale and the remote-scale perspectives, with a suite of physicalbiogeochemical (NEMO-PISCES) numerical models of varying complexity. At the local-scale, these model experiments have suggested that intra-seasonal stormlinked physical supplies of dissolved iron (DFe) during the summer played a considerably more active and influential role in explaining the sustained summer productivity in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean than what was thought previously. This was through two important insights: 1. Storm-eddy interactions may strongly enhance the magnitude and extent of upperocean vertical mixing in both the surface mixed layer as traditionally understood as well as in the subsurface ocean. These two mixing regimes have different dynamics but act in concert to amplify the DFe fluxes to the surface ocean. 2. Storm initiated inertial motions may, through interaction with eddies, greatly reinforce w and thus, enhance the vertical advection of DFe to the surface ocean, an effect that may last several days after the storm. At the local-scale, such storm-eddy dynamics may greatly increase the intra-seasonal variability of primary production, a step towards helping to explain why this variability is so strong in large regions of the Southern Ocean. At the remote-scale, the cumulative impact of these short-term storm-eddy interactions have unexpected implications in respect of the larger-scale mean flow and its influence on the effectiveness of intra-seasonal forcing of DFe fluxes. This counter intuitive feedback is a reduced strength of the intra-seasonal variability in primary production despite what was shown at the local-scale. Moreover, the addition of storms intensified the main clockwise cell of the meridional overturning circulation particularly the downward branch thus, reducing DFe inventory from the upper-ocean. Such an impact could potentially be enhanced with increasing storm intensities as suggested by climate projections. Understanding these remote-scale and local-scale responses of primary productivity to storms and their interaction with the underlying ocean mesoscale turbulence may be key to better understanding the sensitivities of the carbon cycle to short-term variability and long-term trends in atmospheric forcing

Darwin’s ghost : evolutionary psychology and consumer behaviour analysis

The consumer behaviour analysis research programme continues to develop as both anintellectual discipline and an applied area of empirical inquiry, enriching ourunderstanding of consumer responses to the products and services of everyday life, andto the marketing of those products and services. To date, however, the programme hasfunctioned largely at an ontogenetic level, developing proximate‐level accounts ofconsumer choice based upon operant learning at the expense of any meaningfulengagement with the more ultimate‐level accounts of such phenomena offered byadoption of a more phylogenetic perspective. In an attempt to address this potential gapin current knowledge, this paper introduces the central tenets of neo‐Darwinian theoryand their relevance for the consumer behaviour‐analytic programme. More specifically,the paper seeks to apply adaptionist logic to the Behavioural Perspective Model, theprinciple explanatory framework within consumer behaviour analysis, in order todemonstrate how the hypotheses generated by that framework may gain greaterconceptual clarity and empirical precision through accommodation of both ontogenyand phylogeny within its sphere of reference

Activism in the classroom: a case study on de-patriarchalising Biblical Studies for future generations

Efficient activism in the classroom and beyond is contingent upon the ability to identify and understand ideological principles, to express opposition to injustice, to challenge and de-centre authority and privilege, and to redistribute power to those without. Moreover, it requires collective and collaborative action. This article is a case study of an Honours course titled Women and Gender in the Bible and the Ancient World, which was delivered to students at the University of Glasgow in Spring 2019. The course itself was a form of feminist activism against oppressive patriarchal structures in biblical studies, and in academia more generally. Instructors made use of pedagogical tools that are not traditionally associated with the study of the Bible, and encouraged the development of community, both in the classroom and at the associated conference, to enable and empower student activism in a collaborative environment. This article charts the successes and failures of the course and conference and turns attention to the shape of feminist approaches to the Bible more generally

The power of the image: the role of social representations

The theory of social representations has offered a significant and nuanced theoretical framework to gather and interpret knowledge across a wide range of subjects and mediums in order to discuss how different social and material contexts are perceived for the purpose of providing a meaningful foundation to a given reality. The theory has been critiqued and expanded hugely to provide a rich source of intellectual enquiry within social psychology and beyond. However, one area that has received scant attention, is the significance of graphic imagery as a source of data from which to explore social representations within the public consciousness. As imagery in media and social media has become an extension of perceptions of a given social reality, this special issue aims to fill this gap to explore how the power of the image can reflect the diffusion of social representations across our often politicised social and cultural worlds

Migrant Workers Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia

Each year, around half a million Indonesians travel abroad to work, half of those to the Middle East. Many are women who suffer abuse and exploitation when they work abroad but have virtually no access to recourse within their host country's legal system. The vulnerability of migrant workers abroad makes it crucial for them to be able to seek redress in their own countries.Migrant Workers' Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia is the first comprehensive study of migrant workers' access to justice in their country of origin. A collaborative effort by the Open Society International Migration Initiative, the Tifa Foundation, and the Migrant Worker Access to Justice Project, the report analyzes how migrant workers may access justice in Indonesia, and identifies the systemic barriers that prevent them from receiving redress for harms they suffer before, during, and after their work abroad.The report also provides recommendations for improving access to justice and private sector accountability in 11 key areas, addressed to government, parliament, civil society, donors, and others.Migrant Workers' Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia is an important contribution to advancing the rights of migrant workers and will serve as a valuable guide for civil society groups in Indonesia and elsewhere to better understand, use, and test existing justice mechanisms to enforce migrant workers' rights

Migrant Workers’ Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia

Each year, around half a million Indonesians travel abroad to work, half of those to the Middle East. They are typically women from small cities or villages with primary education and limited work experience, hired to perform domestic work. Many suffer abuse and exploitation but have virtually no access to recourse within their host country’s legal system. The vulnerability of migrant workers abroad makes it crucial for them to be able to seek redress in their own countries. Access to justice at home also allows for redress when home governments and private recruitment businesses breach their legal responsibilities to migrant workers. \u27Migrant Workers’ Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia\u27 is the first comprehensive study of migrant workers’ access to justice in their country of origin. The report analyses the mechanisms through which migrant workers may access justice in Indonesia, and the systemic barriers that prevent most workers from receiving full redress for harms that they suffer before, during, and after their work abroad. The report also outlines the laws, policies, and procedures that govern the operation of each redress mechanism, and contains recommendations for improving access to justice and private sector accountability in 11 key areas, addressed to government, parliament, civil society, donors, and others. \u27Migrant Workers’ Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia\u27 provides a strong evidence-based foundation for advocacy and law reform within Indonesia and globally. It can also function as a guide for civil society groups in Indonesia to better understand, use, and test existing justice mechanisms to enforce migrant workers’ rights

The Implications for Desistance of the Developmental Course of Childhood Aggressive Behavior

One of the most important goals for criminological research is to further our understanding of the concept of desistance. Challenges in defining and measuring desistance have been exacerbated by the lack of theoretical foundations to guide inquiry and empirical research. To date, only a few predictors have been empirically identified, and all of them are exclusively relevant to adulthood. An important objective for desistance research, then, is to identify factors associated with earlier desistance. This research endeavors to meet this objective by specifying a conceptual model relating the developmental course of early childhood aggression to offending behavior during adolescence and early adulthood. The relationships proposed by the conceptual model are assessed using a longitudinal measure of aggression and analytic techniques designed to assess change in development over time. An additional extension of existing research is the comparison of these relationships for boys and girls. Data come from Johns Hopkins University's Prevention Intervention Research Center's school-based interventions trials in Baltimore City Schools. Participants comprise an epidemiologically defined sample of urban, primarily African-American, first grade boys and girls. Results suggest that some pathways to desistance may be identified before adulthood, thus supporting the notion that examinations of early development have utility for informing our understanding of later processes

The challenges involved in teaching Biblical Hebrew to students with dyslexia: some observations

Studying Biblical Hebrew is increasingly considered a viable option for students with dyslexia. This presents particular challenges not just for the students but also for their teachers, because the pedagogical methods for teaching ancient languages have traditionally depended on strategies that create difficulties for dyslexic students. This paper outlines the particular challenges of Biblical Hebrew for teachers of students with dyslexia and makes some proposals for addressing those challenges. Responding to dyslexia research, this paper considers the effects of phonological, morphological, and other deficits; outlines teaching and assessment strategies; and argues that learning Biblical Hebrew can be a transformative experience for students with specific learning difficulties

Migrant Workers Access to Justice at Home: Nepal - Executive Summary

Much attention has been directed to the exploitation of low-wage migrant workers in the Middle East, where harms are commonplace and severe, and access to justice is limited. But the story of labor migration begins and ends at home.Migrant Workers' Access to Justice at Home: Nepal is the first comprehensive analysis of how laws and institutions in Nepal succeed or fail in protecting migrant workers from harms suffered during recruitment or while working in the Middle East. The study finds that despite Nepal's efforts to protect migrant workers, it often falls short in holding private recruitment companies and individual agents accountable.The report presents detailed short- and long-term recommendations for government and civil society advocates that address the failures of Nepal's migrant worker policies by treating workers as holders of defined, enforceable rights