Formação profissional aos beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família

Orientadora : Yvelise Arco VerdeMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Curso de Especialização em Educação, Pobreza e Desigualdade SocialInclui referênciasResumo : A desigualdade social é um problema de ordem mundial e não só local. No Brasil, no entanto, para garantir os direitos básicos constitucionais de todo cidadão, o governo precisa não somente compreender a natureza desta situação como organizar e implantar políticas públicas que auxiliem às pessoas mais carentes para que estas possam ter amparo governamental para modificar sua vulnerabilidade social. O presente trabalho, buscou a luz da bibliografia produzida, principalmente em fontes digitais, elucidar as políticas sociais governamentais existentes no país desde 1930 até os dias atuais, dando maior ênfase ao Programa Bolsa Família, que se encontra vigente no momento, caracterizando sua história, seu objetivo inicial, suas modificações ao longo do tempo uma vez que a distribuição monetária de renda. No ano de 2003 foi criado o Programa Bolsa Família, que reuniu os programas Bolsa Escola, Auxílio-gás e Bolsa Alimentação num único programa que objetivava combater a pobreza e desigualdade social. Desde 2011, o programa Bolsa Família é complementado pelo Plano Brasil sem Miséria, articulando iniciativas que promovam as famílias de forma que elas saiam da situação de extrema pobreza através do acesso a direitos básicos bem como a oportunidades de trabalho e empreendedorismo. Por meio de pesquisas verificou-se que atualmente são mais de treze milhões de famílias atendidas pelo Programa Bolsa Escola, o qual possuem em contrapartida alguns compromissos a serem cumpridos no Cadastro Único, e que gera o público com perfil a ser acompanhado pelas políticas de assistência social de cada município. Investiga-se neste trabalho o compromisso de qualificação profissional, como uma das propostas de superação da pobreza e miséria. Ainda há muito a ser aprimorado nas propostas como essa, no sentido de realmente fazer com que a pessoa inserida no programa não se acomode e melhore realmente sua vida para não precisar mais do auxílio governamental. A formação profissional é um dos caminhos e o trabalho, como consequência dessa formação. É um grande aporte para a garantia de melhores condições de vida e de cidadania

Histological description of the larval development of Brycon gouldingi Lima, 2004 (Teleostei, Characidae)

Piabanha, Brycon gouldingi, is an endemic species in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin. It has aroused the interest of both fish farmers, who started its creation in confinement, and riverine people who appreciate it as a food source. In order to provide information about organic systems of B. gouldingi larvae, a histological description was performed after capturing adult specimens in the Rio das Mortes (Mato Grosso, Brazil), adapted to captivity and induced to spawn at Buriti Fisheries (Nova Mutum, MT, Brazil). The collection of samples took place at pre-defined moments after hatching, and the processes relating to morphological differentiation of digestive, excretory, cardiorespiratory, nervous/sensory systems and gas bladder were characterized. At the hatching were found: undifferentiated digestive system; pronephros (primitive kidney), rudimentary heart, central nervous system characterized by primary vesicles, optic vesicle forming the optic cup and crystalline lens. In the course of ontogeny, these organic systems were developed and at the time of the total absorption of the yolk at 55 hours post-hatching were found: the digestive system consisting of the head gut, foregut, midgut and hindgut; two heart chambers and branching of gill arches; three regions of the brain (forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain), neuromasts, olfactory cavity, taste buds; eye consisting of well-defined layers; presence of gas bladder. The results of this study may be useful in providing support for the captive breeding of B. gouldingi during the larval stage

Autophagy generates citrullinated peptides in human synoviocytes: a possible trigger for anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies

OBJECTIVES: Autophagy may represent a functional processing event that creates a substrate for autoreactivity. In particular, autophagy may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA, since autophagy is a key cellular event involved in the generation of citrullinated peptides, with consequent breakage of tolerance. Thus, in RA, autophagy may be the common feature in several situations (including smoking, joint injury and infection) that may drive the adaptive responses to citrullinated self-proteins. The aim of this study was the analysis, in vitro, of the role of autophagy in the generation of citrullinated peptides and, in vivo, of the relationship between autophagy and the production of anti-CCP antibodies (Abs). METHODS: For autophagy induction, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, primary fibroblasts and monocytes were stimulated with tunicamycin or rapamycin. Peptidyl arginine deiminase activity was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and protein citrullination was evaluated by western blotting. The main citrullinated RA candidate antigens, vimentin, α-enolase and filaggrin, were demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. The relationship between autophagy and anti-CCP Abs was analysed in 30 early-active RA patients. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated in vitro a role for autophagy in the citrullination process. Cells treated with tunicamycin or rapamycin showed peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 activation, with consequent protein citrullination. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation experiments, using specific Abs, identified the main citrullinated proteins: vimentin, α-enolase and filaggrin. In vivo, a significant association between levels of autophagy and anti-CCP Abs was observed in treatment-naïve early-active RA patients. CONCLUSION: These findings support the view that the processing of proteins in autophagy generates citrullinated peptides recognized by the immune system in RA

Characterization of novel elongated Parvulin isoforms that are ubiquitously expressed in human tissues and originate from alternative transcription initiation

BACKGROUND: The peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) Parvulin (Par14/PIN4) is highly conserved in all metazoans and is assumed to play a role in cell cycle progression and chromatin remodeling. It is predominantly localized to the nucleus and binds to chromosomal DNA as well as bent oligonucleotides in vitro. RESULTS: In this study we confirm by RT-PCR the existence of a longer Parvulin isoform expressed in all tissues examined so far. This isoform contains a 5' extension including a 75 bp extended open reading frame with two coupled SNPs leading to amino acid substitutions Q16R and R18S. About 1% of all Parvulin mRNAs include the novel extension as quantified by real-time PCR. The human Parvulin promoter is TATA-less and situated in a CpG island typical for house keeping genes. Thus, different Parvulin mRNAs seem to arise by alternative transcription initiation. N-terminally extended Parvulin is protected from rapid proteinaseK degradation. In HeLa and HepG2 cell lysates two protein species of about 17 and 28 KDa are detected by an antibody against an epitope within the N-terminal extension. These two bands are also recognized by an antibody towards the PPIase domain of Parvulin. The longer Parvulin protein is encoded by the human genome but absent from rodent, bovine and non-mammalian genomes. CONCLUSION: Due to its molecular weight of 16.6 KDa we denote the novel Parvulin isoform as Par17 following the E. coli Par10 and human Par14 nomenclature. The N-terminal elongation of Par17-QR and Par17-RS suggests these isoforms to perform divergent functions within the eukaryotic cell than the well characterized Par14

Open Education Policies: Guidelines for co-creation

These guidelines aim to support institutions and governments in the development of open education policies promoting the adoption of open educational practices and resources, and the fostering of collaborations amongst social-educational actors which favour the democratisation of knowledge access and production. The purpose of this guide is to support policymakers, understood in a broad sense here to include a range of stakeholders, to design appropriate policies for their contexts and communities. Rather than the detail of policy, the focus of this guide is on the process of policymaking, through which the detail should emerge. Although policy might be often thought of as the work of managers, governments or experts that is then adopted, disseminated to the masses and implemented, we consider that, as ‘openness policies’ need to create public value, a transversal and democratic approach to policymaking is necessary. Furthermore, co-creation can be a factor in policy effectiveness, as the sense of co-ownership in a community can enhance the shared responsibility to achieve policy goals (Voorberg, Bekkers & Tummers, 2015; Bryson, Sancino, Benington & Sørensen, 2017). Therefore, we aim with these guidelines to support policymakers and advocates from governments and academia at the national, regional and institutional levels, in adopting a co-creation approach across the policy cycle, toward development of OE policies, strategies, action plans and roadmaps. We also consider these guidelines should be relevant for other institutions or organisations seeking to foster OE, such as civil society, GLAM sector and non-profit organisations, and as well for the Open Science sector, as UNESCO (2020b) recommends promoting the use of Open Educational Resources to increase access to Open Science educational and research resources. This guide has been co-created in collaboration with the Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED) and is, in part, based on the Recommendations from OpenMed to University leaders and policymakers for opening up Higher Education in the South-Mediterranean by 2030, and follows the OGP Participation & Co-Creation Standards. These recommendations have been co-authored, reviewed and edited by a group of policy and open education experts

PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE BRÓCOLIS EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS

A escolha adequada do substrato é uma etapa importante na produção de mudas de hortaliças; existem muitas opções disponíveis no mercado, e estes podem ter influência na qualidade de mudas. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos comerciais na produção de mudas de brócolis. O experimento foi realizado em estufa agrícola. Os tratamentos consistiram dos substratos Agrinobre, Carolina Soil, Garden Plus, Golden Mix, Soil Plus, e Soil Misto. As avaliações realizadas foram: porcentagem de emergência de plantas, número de folhas, altura de plantas, comprimento de raízes e massa seca de parte aérea e de raízes. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparação de médias (p<0,05). Conclui-se que o substrato Golden Mix proporcionou maior porcentagem de emergência de plantas, contudo, o crescimento das mudas foi menor em relação aos demais, principalmente em função da sua menor retenção de água observada; os demais substratos propiciaram a produção de mudas com características desejáveis, variando seu desempenho em função do parâmetro avaliado. Aos 35 DAS, com exceção do substrato Golden Mix, os demais propiciaram a produção de mudas de brócolis cultivar Ramoso Santana com altura e número de folhas, e sistema radicular bem desenvolvido, aptas ao transplante.The proper choice of substrate is an important step in the production of vegetable seedlings; there are many options available in the market, and these can influence the quality of seedlings. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different commercial substrates on the production of broccoli seedlings. The experiment was carried out in an agricultural greenhouse. The treatments consisted of the substrates Agrinobre, Carolina Soil, Garden Plus, Golden Mix, Soil Plus, and Soil Misto. The evaluations carried out were: percentage of plant emergence, number of leaves, plant height, root length and dry mass of shoots and roots. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and comparison of means (p<0.05). It is concluded that the Golden Mix substrate provided a higher percentage of plant emergence, however, the growth of seedlings was lower in relation to the others, mainly due to its lower water retention observed; the other substrates provided the production of seedlings with desirable characteristics, varying their performance as a function of the evaluated parameter. At 35 DAS, with the exception of the Golden Mix substrate, the others provided the production of broccoli seedlings cultivar Ramoso Santana with height and number of leaves, and a well-developed root system, suitable for transplantation

A pedagogic appraisal of the Priority Heuristic

We have explored how science and mathematics teachers made decisions when confronted with a dilemma in which a fictitious young woman, Deborah, may choose to have an operation that might address a painful spinal condition. We sought to explore the extent to which psychological heuristic models, in particular the Priority Heuristic, might successfully describe the decision-making process of these teachers and how an analysis of the role of personal and emotional factors in shaping the decision-making process might inform pedagogical design. A novel aspect of this study is that the setting in which the decision-making process is examined contrasts sharply with those used in psychological experiments. We found that to some extent, even in this contrasting setting, the Priority Heuristic could describe these teachers' decision-making. Further analysis of the transcripts yielded some insights into limitations on scope as well the richness and complexity in how personal factors were brought to bear. We see these limitations as design opportunities for educational intervention

Composição Química e Análise de Rendimento de uma Especie Endêmica (Pimelodus Britskii) Visando Fins Comerciais

O Brasil possui inúmeras espécies nativas de peixes com grande potencialpara a exploração pela aquicultura, E com os conceitos de preservação e projetos socioeconômicosque andam em alta, a exploração de espécies nativas, torna-se uma alternativapara conservação do ambiente aquático e fonte econômica para indústrias e comunidadeslocais. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial para oaproveitamento comercial do Mandi, através das análises de rendimento do troncolimpo, músculo abdominal, filé e da composição centesimal de peixes coletados noreservatório de Salto Santiago, rio Iguaçu, Paraná. Método: As capturas ocorreram entremaio e julho de 2009, com uso de espinhéis e redes de espera. Após a captura, ospeixes foram insensibilizados em gelo, medidos, eviscerados e pesados. Os dados derendimento de tronco limpo, músculo abdominal, filé e composição centesimal foramobtidos. Os peixes foram agrupados em três classes de peso A (<150 g), B (150-300g)e C (>300 g), e as diferenças entre as classes de peso foram testadas através de ANOVAunifatorial. Resultados: Os peixes foram agrupados em três classes de peso A(<150 g), B (150-300g) e C (>300 g) para análise estatística. Foram verificadas diferençassignificativas entre as classes de peso, com maior rendimento de tronco limpo(50,09±2,54%), músculo abdominal (7,28±0,86%), filé (37,26±2,20%), lipídios(19,34±5,32%) e cinzas (1,10%±0,13%), para indivíduos da classe C (>300 g), e deumidade (80,3±0,32%) para indivíduos da classe A (<150 g). De maneira geral, oMandi apresentou rendimento e composição centesimal em níveis comparáveis aos deoutras espécies exploradas comercialmente

Relatório Final de Estágio Supervisionado

Relatório Final de Estágio Supervisionado, agregando os resultados das disciplinas de ESI e ESII, apresentado como requisito à obtençao do titulo de licenciado em Letras - Espanhol, na modalidade a distância, da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), realizado no Centro Municipal de Educação Girassol