Membrános gászeparációs rendszerek fejlesztése, integrálása = Novel Gas Separation membrane systems, development, integration.

A membrános gázszeparáció vizsgálatához egy hővezető képességen alapuló vizsgálórendszert terveztem kialakítani, mely bináris gázelegyek vizsgálatát tette volna lehetővé. Kiegészítő források bevonásával egy olyan komplex rendszert sikerült megvalósítani, melyben nagy pontosságú áramlás- és nyomásmérők segítségével tiszta gázok permeációs tulajdonságait lehet vizsgálni. Ehhez a rendszerhez kapcsolódik egy kétcsatornás fotoakusztikus detektor, mellyel sokkomponensű elegyek is hatékonyan vizsgálhatóak. Új típusú támasztóréteges folyadékmembránokat állítottunk elő, melyek segítségével ipari fontosságú szeparációs feladatokat lehet megvalósítani. Vizsgáltunk alkil-alkoxi típusú ionos folyadékokat, melyek a széndioxid szelektív eltávolítását teszik lehetővé (ezekből az eredményekből szabadalmi bejelentés született). Tanulmányoztunk chypos típusú ionos folyadékokat, elsőként vizsgáltuk meg gázszeparációs jellemzőiket (oldódás, diffúzió) és alakítottunk ki stabil folyadékmembránokat. A tiszta gázokon kívül biner és terner gázokkal is vizsgáltuk az elkészített membránokat. Előállítottunk polimerizált ionos folyadékból készült gázszeparációs membránokat. Tanulmányoztuk a gázsszeparációs eljárások rendszerbe illeszthetőségét. Mivel a membrános eljárások jól illeszthetőek bio eljárásokhoz, ezért a biohidrogén és a biometán előállítása során vizsgáltuk meg a membránok alkalmazhatóságát, esetleges szinergiáját a biológiai folyamatokkal. | Thermal conductivity sensor based equipment was planned to study gas permeation properties. This test apparatus would be able to measure only two component gas mixtures. Instead of building this machine a complex test system was realized with high accuracy pressure and flow transducers to study clean gases. This test system is connected to a photoacoustic detector which is able to investigate multi component mixtures as well. Non conventional supported ionic liquid membranes were prepared to study separation processes with industrial importance. Alcyle and alcoxi type ionic liquid membranes are studied to remove carbon dioxide from various gas mixtures (a patent pending about this finding). First time prepared an characterized chypos type ionic liquid membranes. Unique separation parameters, Henry and diffusion coefficients are determined. Membranes are tested for stability and transport properties in one two and tree component mixtures. System integration of gas separation membranes was investigated. Two “bio” process was selected to these studies. One is the anaerobe biogas fermentation which has an enormous industrial importance and the other is the dark fermentation of biohydrogen. In this process removal of the produced hydrogen has positive effect for the reaction rate

Separation of Gases by Membranes: The Effects of Pollutants on the Stability of Membranes

The long-term stability of membranes is determined mainly by their sensitivity to pollutants. Their stability was tested using a novel, multichannel measuring system, which is based on pressure differences. This measuring system is suitable to determine the changes in permeability of polymer membranes. The damaging effects of H2S, BTX and n-dodecane were investigated in terms of polyimide gas separation membranes using nitrogen gas

Biohydrogen purification by membranes: An overview on the operational conditions affecting the performance of non-porous, polymeric and ionic liquid based gas separation membranes

Many types of membranes are available to enrich hydrogen. Nevertheless, there are some with special potential for biohydrogen purification such as the non-porous, polymeric and ionic liquid based membranes. The attractiveness of these membranes comes from the fact that they can be employed nearly under the conditions where biohydrogen formation taking place. Therefore, they appear as promising candidates to be coupled with hydrogen producing bioreactors and hence giving the chance for in situ biohydrogen concentration. It is known that the feasibility and efficiency of membrane technology - beside material selection and module design - significantly depend on the separation circumstances. Thus, the operation of membranes is a key issue and the most important factors to be considered for gas purification are the composition of gas to be separated, the pressure and temperature applied. The scope of this study is to give a comprehensive overview on the recent applications of non-porous, polymeric and ionic liquid supported membranes for biohydrogen recovery, placing emphasis on the operational conditions affecting membrane's behavior and performance. Furthermore, a novel concept for integrated biohydrogen production and purification using gas separation membranes is demonstrated and discussed. © 2013 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Evaluation of pectin-reinforced supported liquid membranes containing carbonic anhydrase: The role of ionic liquid on enzyme stability and CO2 separation performance

In this paper, pectin-reinforced, supported liquid membranes (SLMs) prepared with carbonic anhydrase (CA) were investigated for CO2/N2 separation. In the first part of the study, the effect of [Bmim][NTf2] ionic liquid (IL) – as possible solvent to fill the pores of cellulose acetate support during SLM fabrication – on enzyme activity was tested. It turned out that this particular IL caused rapid and severe loss of initial biocatalyst activity, which fact can be seen as a threat in the membrane process design. Afterwards, the stability of pectin-containing SLMs (containing CA but lacking the IL having adverse impact) was addressed and their improved resistance against higher transmembrane pressures (up to 7.2 bar) was found, representing an approx. 3-fold enhancement compared to their control. Thereafter, the performance of the membranes was tested under single and mixed gas conditions with carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Employing single gases, it was demonstrated that CA enzyme could notably increase CO2 permeability (from 55 to 93 Barrer), while that of N2 remained unchanged (1.6-1.7 Barrer). Thus, the highest CO2/N2 theoretical selectivity was attained as 54 using the pectin-reinforced SLMs enriched with CA biocatalyst. For comparison, the outcomes were plotted on the Robeson upper-bound

Upotreba patočnog ulja, nusproizvoda prehrambene industrije u biotehnologiji - Kinetički model enzimske esterifikacije izoamilnog alkohola s oleinskom kiselinom pomoću lipaze B iz plijesni Candida antarctica

Fusel oil is a by-product of distilleries, its main component is i-amyl alcohol, which can form ester compounds. Esterification of oleic acid and i-amyl alcohol by Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435 preparation) in n-heptane solvent was studied in this work. Ping-pong bi-bi mechanism (inhibition phenomena taken into account) was applied as a complex kinetic model. The parameters of the model were determined by numerical methods. It was found that four-parameter model fitted well with the experimental results and described properly the enzymatic reaction.Patočno je ulje („fusel oil“) nusproizvod destilacije, a njegov je glavni sastojak izoamilni alkohol čijom esterifikacijom nastaju esteri. U ovom je radu ispitana esterifikacija oleinske kiseline s izoamilnim alkoholom u n-heptanu pomoću lipaze B izolirane iz kvasca Candida antarctica (preparat Novozym 435). Primijenjen je složeni kinetički model ping-pong bi-bi mehanizma, pri čemu je uzeta u obzir pojava inhibicije. Parametri modela određeni su numeričkim metodama. Utvrđeno je da je za rezultate pokusa i opis enzimske reakcije najprikladniji model sa 4 parametra