Metabolic syndrome and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in elderly women:Challenging the current definition

The prognostic value of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is believed to vary with age. With an elderly population expecting to triple by 2060, it is important to evaluate the validity of MetS in this age group. We examined the association of MetS risk factors with later risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in elderly Caucasian women. We further investigated if stratification of individuals not defined with MetS would add predictive power in defining future disease prevalence of individuals with MetS. The Prospective Epidemiological Risk Factor Study, a community-based cohort study, followed 3905 Danish women since 2000 (age: 70.1 ± 6.5) with no previous diagnosis of T2DM or CVD, holding all measurements used for MetS definition; central obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia combined with register-based follow-up information. Elderly women with defined MetS presented a 6.3-fold increased risk of T2DM (95% confidence interval: [3.74–10.50]) and 1.7-fold increased risk of CVD (1.44–2.05) compared to women with no MetS risk factors. Subdividing the control group without defined MetS revealed that both centrally obese controls and controls holding other MetS risk factors also had increased risk of T2DM (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.21 [1.25–3.93] and HR = 1.75 [1.04–2.96]) and CVD (HR = 1.51 [1.25–1.83] and HR = 1.36 [1.15–1.60]) when compared to controls with no MetS risk factors. MetS in elderly Caucasian women increased risk of future T2DM and CVD. While not defined with MetS, women holding only some risk factors for MetS were also at increased risk of T2DM or CVD compared to women with no MetS risk factors

En ny agenda for entreprenørskabsforskningen: Dansk forskning i entreprenørielle muligheder

Hvad er en entreprenøriel mulighed? Og hvordan opstår den? Disse to spørgsmål er omdrejningspunkt for et af de centrale temaer i forskningen om entreprenørskab. I denne artikel redegøres for de danske bidrag til denne debat. Disse udgør samlet konturerne til en dansk agenda for entreprenørskabsforskning. Denne tager udgangspunkt i en antagelse om, at muligheder skabes i dynamiske sociale interaktioner. Endvidere redegøres for begrænsningerne og udfordringerne for den danske agenda.What is an entrepreneurial opportunity? And how does it arise? These two questions are at the core of one of the key issues in research on entrepreneurship. Taken together, the Danish contributions to this debate as presented in this article outline the contours of a Danish agenda for entrepreneurship research, based on the assumption that opportunities are created in dynamic social interactions. The limitations and challenges of the Danish agenda are also discussed

En ny agenda for entreprenørskabsforskningen:Dansk forskning i entreprenørielle muligheder

Hvad er en entreprenøriel mulighed? Og hvordan opstår den? Disse to spørgsmål er omdrejningspunkt for et af de centrale temaer i forskningen om entreprenørskab. I denne artikel redegøres for de danske bidrag til denne debat. Disse udgør samlet konturerne til en dansk agenda for entreprenørskabsforskning. Denne tager udgangspunkt i en antagelse om, at muligheder skabes i dynamiske sociale interaktioner. Endvidere redegøres for begrænsningerne og udfordringerne for den danske agenda.What is an entrepreneurial opportunity? And how does it arise? These two questions are at the core of one of the key issues in research on entrepreneurship. Taken together, the Danish contributions to this debate as presented in this article outline the contours of a Danish agenda for entrepreneurship research, based on the assumption that opportunities are created in dynamic social interactions. The limitations and challenges of the Danish agenda are also discussed

Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Dysfunction: Does your metabolic profile affect your brain?

Dementia and type 2 diabetes are both characterized by long prodromal phases, challenging the study of potential risk factors and their temporal relation. The progressive relation among metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance (IR), and dementia has recently been questioned, wherefore the aim of this study was to assess the potential association among these precursors of type 2 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction. Using data from the Prospective Epidemiological Risk Factor (PERF) Study (n = 2,103), a prospective study of elderly women in Denmark, we found that impaired fasting plasma glucose concentration was associated with 44% (9–91%) larger probability of cognitive dysfunction. In addition, subjects above the HOMA-IR threshold (HOMA-IR &amp;gt;2.6) had 47% (9–99%) larger odds of cognitive dysfunction. The associations could indicate that a significant proportion of dementia cases in women is likely to be preventable by effective prevention and control of the insulin homeostasis.</jats:p

Matrix Metalloproteinase Mediated Type I Collagen Degradation is an Independent Predictor of Increased Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is often underdiagnosed in women. It is therefore of interest to identify biomarkers that indicate increased risk of AMI and thereby help clinicians to have additional focus on the difficult AMI diagnosis. Type I Collagen, a component of the cardiac extracellular matrix, is cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) generating the neo-epitope C1M. We investigated the association between serum-C1M and AMI and evaluated whether C1M is a prognostic marker for outcome following AMI. This study is based on The Prospective Epidemiological Risk Factor (PERF) Study including postmenopausal women. 316 out of 5,450 women developed AMI within the follow-up period (14 years, median). A multivariate Cox analysis assessed association between serum-C1M and AMI, and re-infaction or death subsequent to AMI. The risk of AMI increased by 18% (p = 0.03) when serum-C1M was doubled and women in the highest quartile had a 33% increased risk compared to those in the low quartiles (p = 0.025). Serum-C1M was, however not related to reinfarction or death subsequent to AMI. In this study C1M was be an independent risk factor for AMI. Measuring MMP degraded type I collagen could be useful for prediction of increased risk of AMI if replicated in other cohorts