Efectos de los atributos de la hembra de ñandú (Rhea americana) sobre la viabilidad del huevo

We conducted a study throughout a breeding season in a captive-bred population of Greater rheas (Rhea americana) to evaluate the association between egg viability and the female´s body weight and age. A total of 180 eggs laid by 15 females of three age classes (5 individuals per class) were collected, individually identified, and their morphometric traits, fertility and hatchability were registered. Egg fertility increased with female´s age but was unaffected by female weight. Hatching rate does not correlate with maternal attributes. The current paper contributes towards understanding the role of certain maternal attributes in egg viability. Our findings suggest that breeding Greater rheas in large flocks where free mating occurs, increases the expression of natural sexual behavior and enhances the productivity and welfare of the birds.Realizamos un estudio a lo largo de una temporada reproductiva en una población de Ñandú común (Rhea americana) en cautiverio, con el fin de evaluar la asociación entre la viabilidad del huevo y el peso corporal y la edad de la hembra. Se colectaron un total de 180 huevos depositados por 15 hembras de tres clases de edad (5 individuos por clase). Cada huevo se identificó y se registraron sus características morfométricas, su fertilidad y éxito de eclosión. La fertilidad de los huevos se incrementó con la edad de la hembra que lo produjo pero no fue afectado por el peso corporal de la misma. La tasa de eclosión no se correlacionó con los atributos maternos evaluados. El presente trabajo contribuye a comprender el rol de ciertos atributos maternos en la viabilidad del huevo. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la cría de ñandúes en grandes grupos, donde el libre apareamiento es posible, aumentaría la expresión de un comportamiento sexual natural mejorando la productividad y el bienestar de las avesFil: Lábaque, María Carla. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecológica. Cátedra de Ecología; ArgentinaFil: Martella, Monica Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecológica. Cátedra de Ecología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Bazzano, Gisela del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Navarro, Joaquin Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecológica. Cátedra de Ecología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentin

Frame Synchronization for Next Generation Uplink Coding in Deep Space Communications

In this paper we develop two new approaches for frame synchronization in the binary-input AWGN channel, in which we account for the sign ambiguity of the received symbols and exploit knowledge of an alternating sequence which precedes the synchronization word. We present an approach based on an extended sliding window and the appropriate decision metric. For the common case that the synchronization word is followed by encoded data we present a solution which exploits the error detection capability of the channel decoder and applies a list decoding approach for frame synchronization. The proposed methods are validated through computer simulations in the deepspace communication uplink and show significant performance gains compared to current solutions

Interference Cancellation and Joint Decoding for Collision Resolution in Slotted ALOHA

We present a novel decoding scheme for slotted ALOHA which is based on concepts from physical-layer network coding (PNC) and multi-user detection (MUD). In addition to recovering individual user packets from a packet collision as it is usually done with MUD, the receiver applies PNC to decode packet combinations that can be used to retrieve the original packets using information available from other slots. We evaluate the novel scheme and compare it with another scheme based on PNC that has been proposed recently and show that both attain important gains compared to basic successive interference cancellation. This suggests that combining PNC and MUD can lead to significant gains with respect to previously proposed methods on either one or the other

Multilevel coding for non-orthogonal broadcast

This paper defines an information-theoretical framework for non-orthogonal broadcast systems with multilevel coding and gives design guidelines for the rate selection of multiple broadcast streams. This description includes hierarchical modulation and superposition coding with codes defined in a finite field as a special case. We show how multilevel coding can be applied to multiple antennas where, in contrast to most spacetime coding and hierarchical modulation schemes, no capacity loss occurs

Reproductivity and reising of Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) and Lesser Rhea (Pterocnemia pennata). A review

The Greater or Common Rhea (Rhea americana) and theLesser or Darwin’s Rhea (Pterocnemia pennata) are flight-less birds native from South America, that have conserva-tion and economic importance. Free-ranging populationsof these ratites have been detrimentally affected by humanactivities (BucherandNores, 1988;Carman, 1988;Martellaet al., 2000). On the other hand, during the1990s the farming of ratites, including rheas, experimenteda boom-and-bust process in USA, Canada and some Eur-opean countries (ChapmanandBass, 1994;Nara, 1994a;DeemingandAngel, 1996;Carbajoet al., 1997;Castel-lo ́, 1998a;Dey, 1998;GillespieandSchupp, 1998).Fil: Navarro, Joaquin Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Martella, Monica Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentin

Biomarkers, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Diseases

Obesity and overweight are among the major health problems in the world today. The excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue is accompanied by low‐grade inflammation, adipokine secretion dysregulation, oxidative stress, and an alteration of the secretion of gut hormones and food intake related to peptides. This is related to the development of cardiovascular diseases, which have been increased worldwide during the last 15 years approximately. The biomarkers are tremendously important to predict, diagnose, and observe the therapeutic success of common complex multifactorial metabolic diseases, such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. This chapter presents a review of the most common biomarkers that have been used in the prevention, treatment, prognosis, and diagnosis of obesity and cardiovascular diseases

Evaluación de un instrumento para valorar las expectativas de los odontólogos frente a la atención de pacientes en condición de discapacidad

La discapacidad abarca una serie de limitaciones y/o deficiencias a ciertas actividades a nivel social. Estas limitaciones son dificultades para realizar una tarea o labor; que afecta a una estructura o función corporal además de las restricciones en cuanto a la participación, ocasionando un impedimento ante una situación vital. Las personas con discapacidad experimentan un nivel desproporcionado de enfermedad oral en comparación con la población en general; sus necesidades dentales son complejas y pueden estar relacionadas con anomalías congénitas o adquiridas subyacentes, así como la incapacidad de recibir la atención personal y profesional adecuada. El problema global de esta situación, es que existen pocos estudios enfocados a medir las expectativas que tienen los odontólogos frente a la atención de pacientes con algún tipo de discapacidad; y esto con el fin de mejorar medir las expectativas y experiencias en estudiantes de odontología frente a la atención de pacientes en condiciones y poder obtener una preparación completa sumando experiencias en la atención de este tipo de pacientes en la vida profesional.The disability covers a series of limitations and / or deficiencies in certain activities at the social level. These limitations are difficulties in performing a task or job; which affects a body structure or function in addition to the restrictions regarding participation, causing an impediment to a vital situation. People with disabilities experience a disproportionate level of oral disease compared to the general population; Your dental needs are complex and may be related to underlying congenital or acquired abnormalities, as well as the inability to receive adequate personal and professional care. -The global problem of this situation is that there are few studies focused on measuring the expectations that dentists have regarding the care of patients with some type of disability; and this in order to improve measuring expectations and experiences in dental students in the face of the care of patients in conditions and to be able to obtain a complete preparation adding experiences in the care of this type of patients in professional life.Google Scholar1. Planteamiento del problema. -- 2. Justificación --3. Marco teórico --3.1 Tipos de discapacidad y manifestaciones clínicas -- 3.1.2 -- 3.1.3 Trastorno Espectro Autista -- 4. Marco referencial 2 -- 5.1 Objetivo General -- 5.1.2 Objetivos específicos -- 6. Metodología -- 6.1 Tipo de estudio -- 6.2 Población-- 6.3 Muestra -- 6.4 Criterios de inclusión y exclusión -- 6.4.1 criterios de inclusión -- 6.4.2 criterios de exclusión -- 6.5 Procedimientos para la recolección de la información -- 7. Consideraciones éticas de ,a investigación -- 8. Resultados -- 9. Discusión --10. Conclusiones -- 11. Recomendaciones --12. Bibliografía -- 13. Anexo

High-Quality Input Choice under Uncertainty and Ambiguity: An Exploratory Study of Costa Rica's Coffee Sector

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of multiple variables on the decision to invest in high versus regular-quality coffee production inputs. Thereby, a laboratory experiment was conducted with one hundred twenty-three undergraduate students, and posterior logistic regressions with random intercept were executed to analyze the collected data. The results showed that when there is a difference in the investment cost between a coffee of higher quality and a coffee of lower quality (regular), there is a slight increase in the odds ratio of investment in quality coffee, when going from an uncertainty condition of income to one with certainty in income of a higher quality coffee. On the other hand, when the cost is equal for both types of coffee, there is a strong increase in the odds ratio when going from an uncertainty condition to one with certainty. In addition, it was found that both the possibility of loss if there is an investment in a higher quality coffee and the ambiguity in the probability of facing a favorable business climate, reduce the odds ratio of investing in higher-quality coffee.  &nbsp

Dynamical friction and the evolution of satellites in virialized halos: the theory of linear response

The evolution of a small satellite inside a more massive truncated isothermal spherical halo is studied using both the Theory of Linear Response for dynamical friction and N-Body simulations. The analytical approach includes the effects of the gravitational wake, of the tidal deformation and the shift of the barycenter of the primary, so unifying the local versus global interpretation of dynamical friction. Sizes, masses, orbital energies and eccentricities are chosen as expected in hierarchical clustering models. We find that in general the drag force in self-gravitating backgrounds is weaker than in uniform media and that the orbital decay is not accompanied by a significant circularization. We also show that the dynamical friction time scale is weakly dependent on the initial circularity. We provide a fitting formula for the decay time that includes the effect of mass and angular momentum loss. Live satellites with dense cores can survive disruption up to an Hubble time within the primary, notwithstanding the initial choice of orbital parameters. Dwarf spheroidal satellites of the Milky Way, like Sagittarius A and Fornax, have already suffered mass stripping and, with their present masses, the sinking times exceed 10 Gyr even if they are on very eccentric orbits.Comment: 27 pages including 9 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Part 2, issue November 10 1999, Volume 52

Learning Random Access Schemes for Massive Machine-Type Communication with MARL

In this paper, we explore various multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) techniques to design grant-free random access (RA) schemes for low-complexity, low-power battery operated devices in massive machine-type communication (mMTC) wireless networks. We use value decomposition networks (VDN) and QMIX algorithms with parameter sharing (PS) with centralized training and decentralized execution (CTDE) while maintaining scalability. We then compare the policies learned by VDN, QMIX, and deep recurrent Q-network (DRQN) and explore the impact of including the agent identifiers in the observation vector. We show that the MARL-based RA schemes can achieve a better throughput-fairness trade-off between agents without having to condition on the agent identifiers. We also present a novel correlated traffic model, which is more descriptive of mMTC scenarios, and show that the proposed algorithm can easily adapt to traffic non-stationaritiesComment: 15 pages, 10 figure