DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ULTRAVIOLET–VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF GLYCYRRHIZIN IN METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA L

Objective: The pure form of glycyrrhizin was bought from Yucca Enterprises, Mumbai-37, India. The pure form of drug used in treatment of acne vulgaris disease. Pharmacognostical studies of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. indicated surprising antibacterial action against Propionibacterium acnes. Methods: A simple, rapid, accurate, precise, and economic spectrophotometric technique for estimation of glycyrrhizin in methanolic extract of G. glabra L. have been developed. Glycyrrhizin exhibit absorbance most at 254 nm when phosphate buffer (pH-6.8) methanol is used as solvent in 70:30 proportion, so absorbance was once measured at the identical wave lengths for the determination of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin obeys the Beer Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 4–24 μg/ml. Results: This method was validated according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines and can be adopted for the general analysis of glycyrrhizin in hydroalcoholic extract of G. glabra. The approach is simple, rapid, safe, accurate, affordable, and beneficial for standardization of the licorice products. Conclusion: The results applied in the routine analysis and quality control of pharmaceutical dosage forms containing glycyrrhizin

Studies on Chromene based 2, 6-disubstituted-Thiazolo [3,2-B] [1,2,4] Triazole derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation

In this study, a series of novel chromene based 2,6-disubstituted-thiazolo[3,2-b] [1,2,4] triazole derivatives (7a-g) were synthesized by condensing 5-substituted-1,2,4-traizole-thione (6a-g) using poly phosphoric acid through one pot reaction. The structure of new compounds was supported by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS data. The synthesized compounds were evaluated using writhing assays for analgesic and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method for anti-inflammatory activities respectively. Some of the newly synthesized compounds 7c, 7f and 7g showed very good anti-inflammatory activity with 90.83%, 85.81% and 88.40% protection respectively along with low GI toxicity as compared to standard drug ibuprofen while compounds 7a, 7b, 7d and 7f showed highest analgesic activity with 52.54%, 54.02%, 56.76% and 52.45% protection among them compound 7d showed better protection than standard drug ibuprofen. Keywords: thiazolo-triazoles, Chromene, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesi

MONITORING KUALITAS AIR TAMBAK BUDI DAYA KEPITING BAKAU (SCYLLA SERRATA) PADA KELOMPOK MITRA DI DESA PANGGUNG JEPARA

Abstract: Panggung Village is one of the coastal villages in Kedung District, Jepara Regency which has a lot of potential natural resources to be developed. One potential natural resource that is quite potential is the mangrove forest which is widely cultivated as a place for mud crab cultivation. Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is one of the fisheries resources in the mangrove area, has high economic value and tastes delicious meat so that it is consumed by many local and foreign people. The problem faced by the partner group is that the cultivation of mud crabs has not gone well due to limited funds, lack of technology and assistance for their production activities. This activity aims to provide science and technology applications in the form of digital pond water quality monitoring technology to monitor parameters of temperature, DO, salinity and pH so that mud crabs grow optimally and have high selling prices. The method used for partner groups to support program realization is participatory. The result of the activity is a fairly high level of participation from the partner group which has a positive impact on program implementation, seen in socialization activities, counseling, training and mentoring in monitoring the water quality of mud crab cultivation ponds. The implementation of the service program is able to produce outputs, namely increasing the knowledge and skills of partner groups in monitoring water quality.Keywords: Monitoring; Water Quality; Mud Crab.Abstrak: Desa Panggung merupakan salah satu desa pesisir di Kecamatan Kedung Kabupaten Jepara yang memiliki banyak potensi sumber daya alam untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu potensi sumber daya alam yang cukup potensial adalah hutan mangrove yang banyak diusahakan sebagai tempat budi daya kepiting bakau. Kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) merupakan salah satu sumber daya perikanan yang berada di kawasan mangrove, memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan rasa dagingnya yang lezat sehingga banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat lokal maupun mancanegara. Permasalahan yang dihadapi kelompok mitra yaitu budi daya kepiting bakau yang dilakukan belum berjalan dengan baik dikarenakan keterbatasan dana, kurangnya teknologi dan pendampingan untuk kegiatan produksinya masih sangat kurang. Kegiatan ini bertujuan memberikan aplikasi IPTEKS berupa teknologi monitoring kualitas air tambak secara digital untuk memantau parameter suhu dan DO sehingga kepiting bakau tumbuh optimal serta memiliki harga jual yang tinggi. Metode yang digunakan bagi kelompok mitra untuk mendukung realisasi program adalah partisipatif. Hasil dari kegiatan adalah tingkat partisipasi yang cukup tinggi dari kelompok mitra memberikan dampak positif bagi pelaksanaan program, terlihat pada kegiatan sosialisasi, penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan monitoring kualitas air tambak budi daya kepiting bakau. Pelaksanaan program pengabdian mampu menghasilkan luaran yaitu peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kelompok mitra dalam melakukan monitoring kualitas air.Kata Kunci: Monitoring; Kualitas Air; Kepiting Bakau

Non-Parametric Test for Ordered Medians: The Jonckheere Terpstra Test

In clinical trials, sample size is usually lesser as compared to other epidemiological studies to make it more feasible and cost effective. Small sizes of such trials discourage the use of parametric test due to violation of the assumption under which they are applicable. Therefore, the use of nonparametric test is substantial in clinical trials to test two or more independent samples. The Kruskal-Wallis h test is an alternative to one-way ANOVA and can be used to identify significant differences among different populations. When we have several independent samples and assumed to be arranged orderly, Jonckheere Terpstra test is a best choice to compare population medians instead of means. For the application of Jonckheere Terpstra test the data from the study of cleaning methods for ultrasound probes are used. The Jonckheere Terpstra test is recommended over Kruskal-Wallis h test as it compares and provides significant difference between more than two population medians when they arranged in order. Therefore, the aim of this research paper was to explore the use and significance of Jonckheere-Terpstra test with the use of practical example

EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS FRUIT EXTRACT OF TAMARINDUS INDICA (L) FOR INHIBITION OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-a AND CYCLO OXYGENASE ENZYMES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL

 Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-α and cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX) inhibition potency of Tamarindus indica Linn. in comparison to standard drug (indomethacin).Methods: Three plants are selected for the studies, namely: Aloe vera (L.), Terminalia chebula Reitz., and T. indica Linn. Estimation of TNF-α in serum (at 1:10 dilution in PBS) was performed using the immunoenzymatic (ELISA) technique. COX inhibitor screening assay kits were used for estimation of COX.Result: All three plant extracts showed a potent significant inhibition of the COX enzyme as compared to the positive control and standard drug when the animal was administered with 400 mg/kg. These studies indicate that the T. indica plant extract showed significant COX inhibition even at low dose. All the extracts were effective anti-inflammatory in nature, however, T. indica extracts at a dose of 400 mg/kg were found to be most potent. It was found to be comparable with that of Indomethacin 10 mg/kg body weight.Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory activity expressed by all the three plants A. vera (L.), T. chebula Reitz., and T. indica L. Among all three plants T. indica (L) was found to be more active against both TNF-α and COX, and it was comparable to standard drug Indomethacin. Need further studies to elucidate the exact secondary metabolite by which these plants express this activity

Familial Kartageners Syndrome: A Case Report

In recurrent lower respiratory tract infections the cause may be either general impairment of immune mechanism, abnormalities of mucus or abnormalities of cilia.We report a case where the patient was having recurrent lower and upper respiratory tract infections and had situs Inversus totalis. Kartagener’s syndrome is an inherited disorder transmitted in autosomal recessive manner with variable penetrance. There is no specific treatment for this condition but failure to recognize the condition early in life may subject the patient to unnecessary repeated admissions and investigations and inappropriate treatment

Pharmacological Activity of a Polyherbal Formulation by Haemoglobin Glycosylation Assay

Present study involves the development of a polyherbal formulation by using four different herbs i.e. Chirata (Swertia chiratia), Haldi (Curcuma longa), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Gudmar (Gymnema sylvestre), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Gokharu (Pedalium murex), Methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Jammun (Syzygium cumini), relating to antidiabetic activity. Freshly collected and authenticated herbs were characterized by studying its morphological and pharmacognostic character. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of the formulation was determined by in vitro haemoglobin glycosylation assay and H2O2 radical scavenging method respectively. In the above study it was found that ethanolic extract of polyherbal formulation possess promising antidiabetic and antioxidant activity which can be consider for further biological investigation. Keywords: polyherbal formulation, Swertia chiratia, Curcuma longa, Azadirachta indica, Gymnema sylvestre, Withania somnifera, Pedalium murex, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Syzygium cumin

A word sense disambiguation corpus for Urdu

The aim of word sense disambiguation (WSD) is to correctly identify the meaning of a word in context. All natural languages exhibit word sense ambiguities and these are often hard to resolve automatically. Consequently WSD is considered an important problem in natural language processing (NLP). Standard evaluation resources are needed to develop, evaluate and compare WSD methods. A range of initiatives have lead to the development of benchmark WSD corpora for a wide range of languages from various language families. However, there is a lack of benchmark WSD corpora for South Asian languages including Urdu, despite there being over 300 million Urdu speakers and a large amounts of Urdu digital text available online. To address that gap, this study describes a novel benchmark corpus for the Urdu Lexical Sample WSD task. This corpus contains 50 target words (30 nouns, 11 adjectives, and 9 verbs). A standard, manually crafted dictionary called Urdu Lughat is used as a sense inventory. Four baseline WSD approaches were applied to the corpus. The results show that the best performance was obtained using a simple Bag of Words approach. To encourage NLP research on the Urdu language the corpus is freely available to the research community