346 research outputs found
Pancreatic Perfusion CT in Early Stage of Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Early intensive care for severe acute pancreatitis is essential for improving SAP mortality rates. However, intensive therapies for SAP are often delayed because there is no ideal way to accurately evaluate severity in the early stages. Currently, perfusion CT has been shown useful to predict prognosis of SAP in the early stage. In this presented paper, we would like to review the clinical usefulness and limitations of perfusion CT for evaluation of local and systemic complications in early stage of SAP
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Oxidative degradation of Beta-carotene
The role of beta-carotene degradations in the development of
off-flavors in milk and milk products has not been established. The
purpose of this investigation was to study the oxidation of beta-carotene
and to identify volatile compounds arising from autoxidizing
beta-carotene.
Pure cyrstalline beta-carotene, mixed with Celite to accelerate
oxidation, was oxidized at 50°C by molecular oxygen in two different
systems. The peroxide value and loss of beta-carotene were measured
after controlled oxidation periods. In one system the maximum
peroxide value, 295 milliequivalents per 1,000 grams, occurred
after three hours of oxidation. In the other system the maximum
peroxide value, 586 milliequivalents per 1,000 grams, was observed
after six hours of oxidation. Approximately 80 percent of the beta-carotene
was decomposed within the first ten hours of oxidation.
Volatile compounds from autoxidizing beta-carotene were
collected by a cold-trap gas-entrainment technique. The collected compounds were subjected to gas-liquid chromatography and rapidscan
mass spectrometry, and the following compounds were identified:
n-pentane, ethyl ether, acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal,
methyl vinyl ketone, toluene, isobutanal, 2-octanone and acetic
acid. Compounds tentatively identified included diacetyl, 3-methyl-
2-pentanone, 4-methyl-3-pentan-2-one, 2-methylfuran, 1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene,
rnethyl formate, butanone, 2-methyl-2-heptenal,
1, 3-dimethyl-2-ethylcyclohexane, 2-ethyl-2-hexenal, 2-formyl-3, 3-
dimethylcyclohexene, 1, 1, 3-trimethyl-2-n-propylcyclohexane, 2-
methyl-3-nonene and 3, 5, 5-trimethyl-4-(4'-butyl-3'-en-2'-onyl)
cyclohexa-1, 3-diene. A fraction possessing a strong "nutty" aroma
was tentatively identified as 2-methyl-2-heptenal. The volatile compounds
identified can be predicted as degradation products of beta-carotene
oxidation
Detecting Phishing Sites Using ChatGPT
The rise of large language models (LLMs) has had a significant impact on
various domains, including natural language processing and artificial
intelligence. While LLMs such as ChatGPT have been extensively researched for
tasks such as code generation and text synthesis, their application in
detecting malicious web content, particularly phishing sites, has been largely
unexplored. To combat the rising tide of automated cyber attacks facilitated by
LLMs, it is imperative to automate the detection of malicious web content,
which requires approaches that leverage the power of LLMs to analyze and
classify phishing sites. In this paper, we propose a novel method that utilizes
ChatGPT to detect phishing sites. Our approach involves leveraging a web
crawler to gather information from websites and generate prompts based on this
collected data. This approach enables us to detect various phishing sites
without the need for fine-tuning machine learning models and identify social
engineering techniques from the context of entire websites and URLs. To
evaluate the performance of our proposed method, we conducted experiments using
a dataset. The experimental results using GPT-4 demonstrated promising
performance, with a precision of 98.3% and a recall of 98.4%. Comparative
analysis between GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 revealed an enhancement in the latter's
capability to reduce false negatives. These findings not only highlight the
potential of LLMs in efficiently identifying phishing sites but also have
significant implications for enhancing cybersecurity measures and protecting
users from the dangers of online fraudulent activities
PhishReplicant: A Language Model-based Approach to Detect Generated Squatting Domain Names
Domain squatting is a technique used by attackers to create domain names for
phishing sites. In recent phishing attempts, we have observed many domain names
that use multiple techniques to evade existing methods for domain squatting.
These domain names, which we call generated squatting domains (GSDs), are quite
different in appearance from legitimate domain names and do not contain brand
names, making them difficult to associate with phishing. In this paper, we
propose a system called PhishReplicant that detects GSDs by focusing on the
linguistic similarity of domain names. We analyzed newly registered and
observed domain names extracted from certificate transparency logs, passive
DNS, and DNS zone files. We detected 3,498 domain names acquired by attackers
in a four-week experiment, of which 2,821 were used for phishing sites within a
month of detection. We also confirmed that our proposed system outperformed
existing systems in both detection accuracy and number of domain names
detected. As an in-depth analysis, we examined 205k GSDs collected over 150
days and found that phishing using GSDs was distributed globally. However,
attackers intensively targeted brands in specific regions and industries. By
analyzing GSDs in real time, we can block phishing sites before or immediately
after they appear.Comment: Accepted at ACSAC 202
NOD1-Mediated Mucosal Host Defense against Helicobacter pylori
Infection of the stomach with Helicobacter pylori is an important risk factor for gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. Although it has been well established that persistent colonization by H. pylori is associated with adaptive Th1 responses, the innate immune responses leading to these Th1 responses are poorly defined. Recent studies have shown that the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) in gastric epithelial cells plays an important role in innate immune responses against H. pylori. The detection of H. pylori-derived ligands by cytosolic NOD1 induces several host defense factors, including antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and chemokines. In this paper, we review the molecular mechanisms by which NOD1 contributes to mucosal host defense against H. pylori infection of the stomach
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW FATIGUE TESTING MACHINE FOR HIGH FREQUENCY FATIGUE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
ABSTRACT A new simple fatigue testing machine, which can carry out fast and low-cost fatigue tests of welded joints subject to wave with high frequency vibration, has been developed. This machine is designed for plate bending type fatigue tests, and wave load is applied by using motors with eccentric mass. Springing vibration is superimposed by attaching an additional vibrator to the test specimen, and whipping vibration is superimposed by an intermittent hammering. Fatigue tests which simulate springing and whipping by a conventional servo-type fatigue testing machines are very expensive and use a large amount of electricity. If one uses these conventional machines, it is difficult to simulate superimposed stress wave forms at high speed, and it takes long hours of testing to examine the high frequency effect. In contrast, it is found that fatigue tests can be carried out in fast, i.e. waves with 10Hz or higher frequency for out-of-plane gusset welded joint specimens with 12mm plate thickness by using the developed machine. The electricity to be used for fatigue tests could be minimal, for example one thousandth of that needed for conventional machines. These results demonstrate the superiority of the developed machine
A Case of Severe Esophageal Intramural Pseudodiverticulosis Whose Symptoms Were Ameliorated by Oral Administration of Anti-Fungal Medicine
Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis (EIPD) is a rare disease of unknown etiology that displays multiple pseudodiverticula radiologically, leading to benign esophageal stricture. Dysphagia, which sometimes slowly progresses, is the main symptom in the majority of cases. We here report a 59-year-old male EIPD patient who suffered from severe dysphagia. Radiography and endoscopy of this patient disclosed a severe constriction in the upper thoracic esophagus. Although we tried several endoscopic procedures including frequent endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD), the effect was very limited and his dysphagia relapsed shortly after the treatments. During the procedures, we noticed some white, thick, creamy liquid emerging from the orifices of EIPD, and PAS staining of biopsy specimens revealed infection with Candida albicans. Hence, the patient was given anti-fungal medicine in addition to EBD. The additional treatment with anti-fungal medicine dramatically improved his symptoms and the esophageal constriction. This case suggests that anti-fungal treatment is an effective first-line therapy even against a severe form of esophageal constriction in EIPD
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