Investigation of diesel engine in cylinder flow phenomena using CFD cold flow simulation

Azad, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8258-6057This chapter investigates the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of diesel engine cold flow behavior at the speed of 2400 rpm. In this investigation, a three-dimensional (3D) combustion chamber model with an inlet and exhaust port was developed using the numerical tool. The dynamic meshing was done for different piston positions, inlet, and outlet valves operation for the entire range of the engine cycle (0°–720° crank angle (CA)). The standard k-ε turbulence model was used for CFD analysis to observe velocity, pressure, and temperature distribution. The entire process is highly complex, which requires more computational time with the powerful machine. The numerical simulation was carried out using a high-performance computing (HPC) system with 16 parallel cores and a 100 GB memory machine. The result shows the outstanding in-cylinder flow behavior, velocity, temperature, pressure, and turbulent kinetic energy for the diesel engines. The outcome of this study will be helpful to the engine designers for designing a fuel-efficient engine combustion chamber with minimum emission

Investigation on the effect of butanol isomers with gasoline on spark ignition engine characteristics

Azad, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8258-6057This chapter aims to explore the performance and emission characteristics of butanol isomers in order to suggest technical improvisations for their adoption as a commercial fuel in spark ignition engines. The limited availability of research works using butanol isomer blends motivates the current work involving an extensive investigation of the alternative fuels as a comparative study. Through extensive evaluation of the prevailing research works, it is found that by substituting pure gasoline fuel with butanol-gasoline blends, an increase in the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions due to the lower calorific value and higher latent heat of vaporization of butanol fuel can be obtained. However, oxides of nitrogen emissions are found to decrease with reference to that of pure gasoline fuel. The current study is extended to validate the results obtained from a review study by conducting an experimental investigation on an SI engine fueled with n-butanol-gasoline blend and isobutanol-gasoline blend. The concentrations of butanol isomers in the blends are varied from 10% to 30%, and the obtained performance and emission characteristics are compared to that of pure gasoline fuel. It is observed that the experimentally obtained characteristics are in accordance with the results obtained through comparative evaluation

Investigation of diesel engine in cylinder flow phenomena using CFD cold flow simulation

This chapter investigates the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of diesel engine cold flow behavior at the speed of 2400 rpm. In this investigation, a three-dimensional (3D) combustion chamber model with an inlet and exhaust port was developed using the numerical tool. The dynamic meshing was done for different piston positions, inlet, and outlet valves operation for the entire range of the engine cycle (0°-720° crank angle (CA)). The standard k-ε turbulence model was used for CFD analysis to observe velocity, pressure, and temperature distribution. The entire process is highly complex, which requires more computational time with the powerful machine. The numerical simulation was carried out using a high-performance computing (HPC) system with 16 parallel cores and a 100 GB memory machine. The result shows the outstanding in-cylinder flow behavior, velocity, temperature, pressure, and turbulent kinetic energy for the diesel engines. The outcome of this study will be helpful to the engine designers for designing a fuel-efficient engine combustion chamber with minimum emission

Effects of n-octanol as a fuel blend with biodiesel on diesel engine characteristics

Biodiesel can serve as possible alternate fuels in compression ignition engine as it leads to an effective reduction in consumption of fossil fuels. Moreover, it has been observed that biodiesel has the potential to reduce most exhaust emissions. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of n-octanol with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel on compression ignition engine characteristics. Five different fuel blends are prepared by varying the concentration of n-octanol from 10% to 50% on a volume basis. It has been observed that the addition of n-octanol with biodiesel decreases the calorific value due to its inherent oxygen content. A mixed 6 × 5 level full factorial design with 3 replications was used for conducting the experiment. The statistical test by analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that CIME blend has the greater influence, contributing 71.3% to HC emission. The engine load has greatest influence of 98.88% to BTE followed by 98.77% to NOx, 95.74% to CO and 75% to peak pressure. The experimental results showed that the increase of n-octanol fraction in blends prolonged the ignition delay generating higher peaks of in-cylinder pressure and heat release rates during the premixed mode of combustion. Brake thermal efficiency has improved with the increase of n-octanol fraction up to 30% and then started decreasing with further increase of n-octanol in blends. Brake specific fuel consumption has reduced by about 20% with the increase of n-octanol fraction by 50%. Furthermore, the cooling effect produced by a lower fraction of n-octanol in the blend reduces the in-cylinder temperature resulting in lower NOx emissions. However, the poor ignition and evaporation characteristics of n-octanol has resulted in increase of CO and smoke emissions. HC emissions increase with the increase of n-octanol percentage due to the overleaning effect of the excess oxygen content in the n-octanol. The higher fractions of n-octanol is beneficial in lowering the CO and smoke emissions because of enhanced combustion due to the presence of excess oxygen. Overall, the addition of lower fraction of n-octanol with biodiesel has enhanced the performance output with the reduction of NOx emission with noteworthy penalty in CO and HC emissions

Effect of next generation higher alcohols and Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester blends in diesel engine

Biodiesel can serve as potential alternate fuels in compression ignition engine as it leads to an effective reduction in consumption of fossil fuels. Moreover, it has been observed that biodiesel has the potential to reduce the exhaust emissions as well as their usage is sustainable in nature. However, the lower calorific value of biodiesel coupled with higher oxygen content leads to a poor performance and higher oxides of nitrogen emissions when compared to diesel fuel. Hence, in the current study, the effect of introducing higher alcohols as a blend with Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in order to improve the performance and reduce the oxides of nitrogen emissions. Two different higher alcohols namely n-pentanol and n-octanol are blended with biodiesel in the proportion of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume in order to evaluate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The blending of higher alcohols with biodiesel reduces the auto ignition quality and density of the blends. Meanwhile, the increase in the concentration of n-pentanol with biodiesel reduces the calorific value and kinematic viscosity, whereas for n-octanol the results are reversed. The fuel samples are tested in a single cylinder, constant speed engine at different loads and the results are compared with diesel and pure biodiesel. The experimental study revealed that brake thermal efficiency is 8.9% and 3.6% is higher for B70O30 (70% of biodiesel and 30% of n-octanol) and B90P10 (90% of biodiesel and 10% of n-pentanol) compare to pure Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel. It is observed that the blending of higher alcohols with biodiesel decreases the hydrocarbon emissions 8–22% and increase the carbon monoxide emission by 16–50%. Oxides of nitrogen emission are reduced significantly by 4.1% and 6.8% for B90P10 and B90O10 respectively at full engine load condition. On the other hand, the smoke emission increases from 21 to 35% for higher alcohols addition with biodiesel. Furthermore, the combustion characteristics better for higher alcohol blends due to their higher calorific value. In general, the blending of higher alcohol with biodiesel can overcome many shortcomings of pure Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel for diesel engine applications

Investigation on the effect of butanol isomers with gasoline on spark ignition engine characteristics

This chapter aims to explore the performance and emission characteristics of butanol isomers in order to suggest technical improvisations for their adoption as a commercial fuel in spark ignition engines. The limited availability of research works using butanol isomer blends motivates the current work involving an extensive investigation of the alternative fuels as a comparative study. Through extensive evaluation of the prevailing research works, it is found that by substituting pure gasoline fuel with butanol-gasoline blends, an increase in the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions due to the lower calorific value and higher latent heat of vaporization of butanol fuel can be obtained. However, oxides of nitrogen emissions are found to decrease with reference to that of pure gasoline fuel. The current study is extended to validate the results obtained from a review study by conducting an experimental investigation on an SI engine fueled with n-butanol-gasoline blend and isobutanol-gasoline blend. The concentrations of butanol isomers in the blends are varied from 10% to 30%, and the obtained performance and emission characteristics are compared to that of pure gasoline fuel. It is observed that the experimentally obtained characteristics are in accordance with the results obtained through comparative evaluation

An assessment on the effects of 1-pentanol and 1-butanol as additives with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of higher alcohols with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel on the diesel engine characteristics under various engine loads. Two higher alcohols have been identified for the present investigation namely 1-pentanol and 1-butanol and the six fuel samples have been prepared with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel at 40%, 50% and 60% concentrations by volume. All the experiments are carried out in a single cylinder, four stroke and constant speed diesel engine and the experimental results are compared with conventional diesel and pure biodiesel fuels. The study revealed that the diesel engine operation with higher alcohol-biodiesel blends has shown lower brake thermal efficiency and higher brake specific fuel consumption. The reduction rate is higher with a higher concentration of alcohol in the fuel blends. On the other hand, the cooling effect of higher alcohol in the blend reduces the NOx emission due to their higher latent heat of vaporization. Moreover, the CO, HC and smoke emissions are decreased for all higher alcohol-biodiesel blends. The combustion characteristics are followed similar pattern for all tested fuels and peak pressure is comparatively lower for higher concentration of alcohol in the fuel blend. Finally, it is revealed that 1-pentanol and 1-butanol can be successfully used as partial substitute to diesel or biodiesel fuel

Investigation of diesel engine in cylinder flow phenomena using CFD cold flow simulation

This chapter investigates the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of diesel engine cold flow behavior at the speed of 2400 rpm. In this investigation, a three-dimensional (3D) combustion chamber model with an inlet and exhaust port was developed using the numerical tool. The dynamic meshing was done for different piston positions, inlet, and outlet valves operation for the entire range of the engine cycle (0°–720° crank angle (CA)). The standard k-ε turbulence model was used for CFD analysis to observe velocity, pressure, and temperature distribution. The entire process is highly complex, which requires more computational time with the powerful machine. The numerical simulation was carried out using a high-performance computing (HPC) system with 16 parallel cores and a 100 GB memory machine. The result shows the outstanding in-cylinder flow behavior, velocity, temperature, pressure, and turbulent kinetic energy for the diesel engines. The outcome of this study will be helpful to the engine designers for designing a fuel-efficient engine combustion chamber with minimum emission

Catalytic Microwave Preheated Co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomasses: A study on biofuel production and its characterization

In this present study, microwave pre-treatment has been used for sustainable biofuel production from three different biowastes through catalytic aided co-pyrolysis techniques. The experimental investigations have been carried out to develop biofuel at temperature (350-550℃), heating rate (15-50℃/min) and particle size (0.12-0.38mm). The resultant biofuels were characterized using TGA, DTA, FE-SEM, FTIR spectroscopy and NMR spectrum. The pyrolysis process of biomasses without and with catalyst resulted in the yield rate of 29-37% and 39-51% respectively. Moreover, the CaO catalytic co-pyrolysis process of pomegranate peel, groundnut shell and palmcone wastes with a ratio of 50:50 at 0.25mm particle size has resulted in the highest yield rate of 51.6%. The NMR result of bio-oil samples produced hydroxyl group and aliphatics which clearly state the suitability of bio-oils for automotive application. The bio-oil had promising fuel characteristics consisting more energy density (29.1MJ/kg), less oxygen content and free of nitrogen