Optimization of activation functions in multilayer neural network applied to pattern classification

金沢大学理工研究域電子情報学系An optimization method of activation functions is proposed. Three typical functions are combined in hidden layers. Contribution of the functions is evaluated using three criteria. The useful functions are selected or multiplied in the learning process. Problems of parity and of counting \u271\u27 in bit-patterns can be solved by the proposed method with the suitable functions and the minimum number of hidden units

The Impact of Nutritional Status and Body Mass Index on Rehabilitation Outcomes in Patients Receiving Home-Based Medical Care

Background: Home-based medical care is expanding rapidly in Japan.Objectives: We aimed to identify the factors associated with outcomes of therapy in patients receiving home-visit rehabilitation.Methods: One hundred twenty-one patients receiving home-based rehabilitation were investigated. Nutritional status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was employed to assess the activities of daily living (ADL). The body mass index (BMI), medical history, and orthopedic disease-related pain were also recorded. The primary outcome was the improvement in FIM scores in one year.Results: A total of 19 (17%) patients were malnourished and 58 (48%) were at risk of malnutrition. Malnourished patients had a lower FIM score at initiation than those at risk of malnutrition or with normal nutritional status. Only changes in patients’ BMI and MNA-SF scores over one year were significantly associated with improved FIM scores (p = 0.0079 and p = 0.0049, respectively). No association was noted with the other factors.Conclusions: This is the first report to demonstrate that changes in MNA-SF scores and BMI are significantly associated with rehabilitation outcomes in home-based care. Nutritional management is essential along with rehabilitation to improve ADL in the long-term home care setting

Quantization level increase in human face images using multilayer neural network

In this paper, quantization level increase in human face images using a multilayer neural network (NN) is investigated. Basically speaking, it is impossible to increase quality without any other information. However, when images are limited to some category, image restoration could be possible, based on the common properties in this category. The multilayer NN is trained using human face images of 32ﾃ・2 pixels with 8-levels as the input data, and 256-level images as the targets. The standard back-propagation (BP) algorithm is employed. 20, 40 and 100 training data are examined. By increasing the training data, a general function of regenerating missing information can be achieved. The internal structure of the trained NN is analyzed using some special input images. As a result, it has been confirmed that the NN regards the input image as the human face, and extracts features of the face. The input image is transformed using these features and the common properties of the training data, extracted and held on the connection weights, to the human face image

Neural regulation of the interrelation between haustral and taenial motility in the rabbit proximal colon.

Neural regulation of the motility between the haustra and taenia coli was studied in the isolated rabbit proximal colon. Four types of haustral and taenial preparations were used: the haustral strip without the taenia coli (type 1), the haustral strip including the taenia coli (type 2), the L-shaped (taenia-haustra) preparations for recording the haustral (circular) response to taenial stimulation (type 3) and the L-shaped (haustra-taenia) preparation for recording the taenial (longitudinal) response to haustral stimulation (type 4). Field electrical stimulation induced a contractile response in the haustra and taenia coli. Hexamethonium reduced the contraction in type 2, 3 and 4 preparations. The desensitization to serotonin reduced the response in type 2 and 3 preparations. After atropinization, the response in types 1 and 4 was reversed to relaxation, and the response in types 2 and 3 was reversed to relaxation followed by contraction which was reduced or abolished by indomethacin. The responses remaining after atropinization in all types of preparations were not affected by other blocking agents tested or desensitization to neuropeptides. Tetrodotoxin abolished all relaxation and contractile responses in all types of preparations. These results suggest that the indirect contractile response to field stimulation is induced mainly via cholinergic and serotonergic neurons, and that the relaxation is mainly mediated by nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurons. The late haustral contractions after atropine may be caused by endogenous prostaglandin.</p

Evaluation of the effect of sagging correction calibration errors in radiotherapy software on image matching

To investigate the impact of sagging correction calibration errors in radiotherapy software on image matching. Three software applications were used, with and without a polymethyl methacrylate rod supporting the ball bearings (BB). The calibration error for sagging correction across nine flex maps (FMs) was determined by shifting the BB positions along the Left–Right (LR), Gun–Target (GT), and Up–Down (UD) directions from the reference point. Lucy and pelvic phantom cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images underwent auto-matching after modifying each FM. Image deformation was assessed in orthogonal CBCT planes, and the correlations among BB shift magnitude, deformation vector value, and differences in auto-matching were analyzed. The average difference in analysis results among the three softwares for the Winston–Lutz test was within 0.1 mm. The determination coefficients (R2) between the BB shift amount and Lucy phantom matching error in each FM were 0.99, 0.99, and 1.00 in the LR-, GT-, and UD-directions, respectively. The pelvis phantom demonstrated no cross-correlation in the GT direction during auto-matching error evaluation using each FM. The correlation coefficient (r) between the BB shift and the deformation vector value was 0.95 on average for all image planes. Slight differences were observed among software in the evaluation of the Winston–Lutz test. The sagging correction calibration error in the radiotherapy imaging system was caused by an auto-matching error of the phantom and deformation of CBCT images

Conformal Symmetry for Rotating D-branes

We apply the Kerr/CFT correspondence to the rotating black p-brane solutions. These solutions give the simplest examples from string theory point of view. Their near horizon geometries have structures of AdS, even though black p-brane solutions do not have AdS-like structures in the non-rotating case. The microscopic entropy which can be calculated via the Cardy formula exactly agrees with Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.Comment: 15 pages, references adde

Japanese subpopulation analysis of MONARCH 2: phase 3 study of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant for treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer that progressed on endocrine therapy

BACKGROUND: This was a Japanese subpopulation analysis of MONARCH 2, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC). METHODS: Eligible women had progressed on (neo)adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET),  ≤ 12 months from end of adjuvant ET, or on first-line ET for ABC, and had not received chemotherapy for ABC. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive abemaciclib or placebo plus fulvestrant. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), pharmacokinetics (PK), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and safety. RESULTS: In Japan, 95 patients were randomized (abemaciclib, n = 64; placebo, n = 31). At final PFS analysis (February 14, 2017), median PFS was 21.2 and 14.3 months, respectively, in the abemaciclib and placebo groups (hazard ratio: 0.672; 95% confidence interval: 0.380-1.189). Abemaciclib had a higher objective response rate (37.5%) than placebo (12.9%). PK and safety profiles for Japanese patients were consistent with those of the overall population, without clinically meaningful differences across most HRQoL dimensions evaluated. The most frequent adverse events in the abemaciclib versus placebo groups were diarrhea (95.2 versus 25.8%), neutropenia (79.4 versus 0%), and leukopenia (66.7 versus 0%). At a second data cutoff (June 20, 2019), median OS was not reached with abemaciclib and 47.3 months with placebo (hazard ratio: 0.755; 95% confidence interval: 0.390-1.463). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the Japanese subpopulation were consistent with the improved clinical outcomes and manageable safety profile observed in the overall population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02107703; U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02107703

Another Realization of Kerr/CFT Correspondence

We study another realization of the Kerr/CFT correspondence. By imposing new asymptotic conditions for the near horizon geometry of Kerr black hole, an asymptotic symmetry which contains all of the exact isometries can be obtained. In particular, the Virasoro algebra can be realized as an enhancement of SL(2,R) symmetry of the AdS geometry. By using this asymptotic symmetry, we discuss finite temperature effects and show the correspondence concretely.Comment: 13page

ジドウ ソウサホウ ニヨル ガン チリョウヨウ 125 Ｉ シード ホウシャセン キョウド ケンテイ システム ノ カイハツ

A new scanning system using a NaI(Tl) scintillation survey meter, copper slit and drive-unit has been developed for quality control of radioactive seeds. Radioactive seed implants, also called brachytherapy, are widely used modality in the treatment of early stage prostate cancers. Seeds containing the iodine-125 are most commonly used for permanent implant prostate brachytherapy. These seeds are commercially available and delivered in a sterile environment in the form of packaged cartridge. It is impractical to re-sterilize and re-load seeds after calibration. This paper describes a new method to calibrate all seeds in the seed cartridge in a sterile package