Cohesive/Adhesive strengths of CsOH-chemisorbed SS304 surfaces

During the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (1F) accident, volatile radioactive fission products (FPs) such as Cs-137 were released, which significantly influenced mid- to long-term decommissioning strategies. A substantial amount of the remaining cesium in the pressure vessel may have deposited onto the 304 stainless steel (SS304) steam separators and dryers. This deposited cesium presents a safety hazard during 1F’s decommissioning, as it can generate radioactive dust and complicate waste storage. However, the cohesive and adhesive strengths of CsOH-chemisorbed oxide scales, crucial for understanding the release of cesium-bearing particles from SS304 surfaces, remain undefined. In this study, we explore how CsOH chemisorption affects the cohesive and adhesive strengths between oxide scales and SS304 substrates using a scratch tester. Our tests revealed that cracks formed at approximately the same load, but the overall cohesive strength of the oxide scales decreased following CsOH chemisorption. Furthermore, the transition from cracks to bulk separation occurred more rapidly in CsOH-chemisorbed SS304 substrates, especially those with lower silicon content. Finally, we found that adhesive failure could not be achieved even at 70 N, suggesting that the deposited cesium cannot be completely removed from SS304 during the decommissioning of 1F.</p

Inflammatory infiltration in the cerebellum of SAFV-3-inoculated young BALB/c mice.

<p>BALB/c mice were inoculated intracerebrally with 10⁴ CCID₅₀ (cell culture infectious dose) of the aseptic meningitis (AM) and upper respiratory (UR) strains of Saffold virus type 3 (SAFV-3). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Bar, 100 μm (upper panels) and 20 μm (lower panels). Histopathological findings in the cerebellum on Day 8 p.i. Inflammatory cells were observed in the cerebellar cortex (arrows, low magnification) and meninges (asterisk) of AM-inoculated mice (left panels), but not in those of UR-inoculated mice (right panels). Mononuclear cells and rod-shaped cells (arrows, high magnification) were observed in the cortex and meninges of AM-inoculated, but not UR-inoculated, mice (lower panels). Purkinje cells were present in the lesion. The figure shows representative data from two experiments with similar results. Original magnification: upper panels, 200×, and lower panels, 1,000×.</p