An Experimental Study of Natural Convection in Porous Media Heated from below

The present experimental study is carried out using a rectangular cavity packed with porous medium such as iron balls or glass balls of different diameters and hence different porosity. The lower plate is maintained at a uniform temperature Th, which is higher than the temperature Tc of upper plate. The experiment is performed for both closed and open systems in vertical as well as horizontal orientation of the test box. When ( Th - Tc ) is increased beyond a certain value, convective motion takes place in the fluid. The results of the experiment indicate that a porous medium can transport more energy than a saturated fluid alone if the porous matrix is highly permeable and thermal conductivity of solid particles is greater than that of fluid. This experiment also shows that convective effect is more in open system i.e., free boundary at the top. It is also observed that the time taken to reach the thermal steady state is less in the horizontal orientation as compared to the vertical orientation. In this study, the relationship between Rayleigh and Nusselt numbers has been investigated in addition to the expected temperature profile. It is found that the magnitude of temperature for iron balls is about 10% more as compared to glass balls and about 18% higher for vertical orientation as compared to horizontal orientation

Machine Learning Technique for Prediction of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most prominent disease and the second foremost source of death among middle-aged women in the world. Removing of breast tumour by using a surgical treatment and chemotherapy could work excellently if it can be identified as a primary tumour or at an early stage of transmutation, however it is a costly process. The quick development of machine learning techniques continues to burn the medical tomography enthusiasm in implementing to improve the accurateness of tumour findings. To identify breast cancer in the area of machine learning lots of attempts were made, but these techniques are not too accurate. In the proposed Machine Learning Technique for Prediction of Breast Cancer (MLTPBC) is an automated system used to remove a label, pectoral muscles, noise, and identification of cancer. The experimental results of the proposed MLTPBC shows the preferable accuracy over the existing methods

Impact of pulp rheology on selective recovery of value minerals from ores

Rheological behavior of mineral pulps plays a critical role in almost all mineral processing unit operations. Although the impact of rheology in unit operations such as grinding and slurry transport has received much attention in the past, this is not the case for flotation. The pathway by which the pulp rheology influences the flotation performance is not well understood. The aim of this paper is to explore how physical (shape, size and morphology) and surface chemical properties of minerals contribute to pulp rheology and pathways by which rheology can influence selective value mineral recovery and/or concentrate grade. Systematic studies involving spiking experiments (deliberate addition of fibrous minerals and other solids), measurement of pulp viscosity and yield stress, flotation tests, SEM, EDX and XRD were conducted on a Ni ore and a Cu ore. A phenomenological model was developed. The key components of the model are the formation of a macro-network comprising micro-aggregates of fibrous minerals which significantly increases pulp viscosity, and as a result impedes gas dispersion and bubble-particle attachment and influence froth phase properties. Additionally, the role of various reagent types in regulating pulp rheological behavior was explored

A study of MIPO by locking compression plate fixation in the management of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures

Background: Management of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures has been a difficult area because of the subcutaneous position of tibia. Exposure of implant has been a major problem in open reduction and fixation of these fractures. Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) is an established technique for fixation of fractures of the distal third tibia. Our study is aimed at management of intra-articular and extra-articular fractures of the distal third tibia by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis technique by locking compression plate and follow them prospectively. Clinical and radiological outcomes were studied and clinical indications & efficacy of the procedure reviewed.  Methods: From June 2012 to May 2014, 22 patients of closed distal tibial metaphyseal fractures were operated by MIPO technique with a distal tibial locking compression plate having 4.5/5 proximal and 3.5/4 distal screw holes. The follow up duration was for 2 years at our hospital.Results: The mean fracture healing time was 5.5 months (range 4-13months). We had 90% of union rate with good ankle movements and walking distance in 75% of the patients. Pos-operatively we had complications of, superficial infection occurred in 2 patients, implant failure in 1 patient leading to non-union and delayed union in 1-patient each.Conclusion: MIPO technique provides good, stable fixation of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures. Although slightly delayed bone healing, MIPO decreases the incidence of non- union and need for bone grafting. This technique should be used in distal tibia fractures where locked nailing cannot be done like fractures with small distal metaphyseal fragments, vertical splits, markedly comminuted fractures and in fractures with intra-articular extension.

Microsatellite markers for the Indian golden silkmoth, Antheraea assama (Saturniidae: Lepidoptera)

Antheraea assama, an economically important and scientifically unexplored Indian wild silkmoth, is unique among saturniid moths. For this species, a total of 87 microsatellite markers was derived from 35 000 expressed sequence tags and a microsatellite-enriched sub-genomic library. Forty individuals collected from Tura and West Garo Hills region of Northeast India were screened for each of these loci. Ten loci from expressed sequence tags and one from genomic library were found to be polymorphic. These microsatellite markers will be useful resources for population genetic studies of A. assama and other closely related species of saturniids. This is the first report on development of microsatellite markers for any saturniid species

Molecular phylogeny of silkmoths reveals the origin of domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori from chinese Bombyx mandarina and paternal inheritance of Antheraea proylei mitochondrial DNA

Molecular phylogeny of some of the economically important silkmoths was derived using three mitochondrial genes, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and COI, and the control region (CR). Maximum likelihood (ML) analyses showed two distinct clades, one consisting of moths from Bombycidae family and the other from Saturniidae family. The mitochondrial CR showed length polymorphisms with indels. The ML analyses for complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Bombyx mori (strains Aojuku, C108, Backokjam, and Xiafang), Japanese and Chinese strains of B. mandarina (Japanese mandarina and Chinese mandarina) and, Antheraea pernyi revealed two distinct clades, one comprising of B. mori strains and the other with B. mandarina, and A. pernyi forming an outgroup. Pairwise distances revealed that all of the strains of B. mori studied are closer to Chinese than to Japanese mandarina. Phylogenetic analyses based on whole mitochondrial genome sequences, the finding of a tandem triplication of a 126 bp repeat element only in Japanese mandarina, and chromosome number variation in B. mandarina suggest that B. mori must have shared its recent common ancestor with Chinese mandarina. Another wild species of the Bombycidae family, Theophila religiosa, whose phylogenetic status was not clear, clustered together with the other bombycid moths in the study. Analysis of the interspecific hybrid, A. proylei gave evidence for paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA

Node Disjoint Random and Optimal Path Selection (NDROPS) Algorithm for Security in MANETS

Mobile Adhoc Networks are shortly called MANETs. In these types of networks, fixed infrastructures are absent and are dynamic in nature. Nodes are movable, and they are not connected with any wires. For monitoring or supervising the transmissions in MANETS, no central supervision is present. Moving nodes, dynamic topology, and absence of infrastructure are the features of MANETs. These features are advantageous where wires cannot be used and where nodes are supposed to move. But there is a problem of security. Networks are highly prone to attacks where finding the root of the cause is very hard. Many nodes disjoint routing algorithms are proposed to balance the load, to cope up with link failures, etc. This paper proposes an algorithm called Node Disjoint Random and Optimal Path Selection (NDROPS) algorithm which uses the concept of dynamic routing and node disjoint routing to provide all the above-stated advantages along with security. Routing of data packets is done through few paths which are node disjoint. The main essence of this algorithm is to distribute the data among different routes. So, a malicious node in a path can retrieve only a few packets in random.  The simulation of the proposed NDROPS algorithm is performed and the performance is compared using throughout and packet drop probability

A SIMPLE AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATION USING FLEXRAY™ PROTOCOL

FlexRay™ protocol is emerging as the next generation automotive communication protocol which offers high data rate, deterministic, fault tolerant, flexible in-vehicle data communication. This protocol supports both time triggered and event triggered data communication. The network that uses FlexRay™ protocol is called FlexRay™ network. The need for FlexRay™ protocol is the substantial demand for the high capacity in-vehicle data communication between the electronic components. In this work, we used Infineon SoCs as FlexRay™ nodes and establish communication between multiple nodes using FlexRay™ protocol. A simple automotive application is developed with temperature and magnetic field sensor being connected to a node and the sensor data is being communicated over the FlexRay™ network