WHO EATS WHAT, WHEN, AND FROM WHERE?

The popular impression that over half of our food does not come from a retail food (grocery) store is based on food expenditure data and is misleading. This research set out to learn where people obtain the food they report eating and to determine whether there are significant differences between people who buy most of their food from retail food stores and those who do not. Research on food consumption often focuses on household expenditures at retail food stores and various types of restaurants, but tracking the volume of various types of foods purchased from various retail places is not well established. The Continuing Survey of Food Intake of Individuals survey for 1994 showed that 72 percent of the volume of food consumed was from retail food stores. Age had the largest impact on where people shopped, and when and how many meals they ate. Income and household composition had relatively little impact. Cluster analysis grouped consumers based on where they obtained their food. The largest cluster, nearly half of the individuals, were labeled the Home Cookers. They obtained 93 percent of their food from stores and account for 59 percent of food sold from retail food stores. The High Service cluster is only 10 percent of the sample, but they consumed 50 percent of the food sold in restaurants and only 6 percent of food sold by grocers. Looking at the diets of people in the various clusters reveal that those in the Fast Food clusters ate less fat than the average of the sample while High Service (restaurant) users ate more fat. Home Cookers ate less than the average amount of meat, eggs, and vegetables.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Equity in Public Funding for Arts and Culture in Philadelphia

Is the distribution of public arts funding in Philadelphia equitable? Despite the ascendance of diversity, equity, and inclusion as a sector-wide goal and anecdotal evidence of equity issues in the distributive patterns of both foundation and government grantmaking, issues of distributive equity in US philanthropy have been little studied. What research does exist paints a picture of affluent, white, Eurocentric arts nonprofits dominating the funding landscape to the detriment of small, underrepresented, or otherwise marginalized arts nonprofits. By their mandate, government funders should be more accessible to these kinds of organizations, but are they? In Philadelphia a unique tool exists in CultureBlocks, a website that maps public arts grantees against Census-derived demographic data. Using this tool, the question of the distributive equity of public arts funding in Philadelphia was explored statistically via four different equity standards from the geography literature. While this study could not conclusively affirm or deny that public arts funding in Philadelphia from 2007-2015 was distributed equitably, the data showed no significant correlations between the demographics of a particular area (as a proxy for the demographics of the organizations in that area) and the average percentage of public arts funding received by the arts nonprofits in that area. This lends credence to claims that public arts funding is generally more accessible to small and underrepresented arts organizations, and so may be distributed more equitably, but more research needs to be conducted to fill the research gap. The hope is that this study creates more avenues to further that conversation.M.S., Arts Administration -- Drexel University, 201

On Calorie Counting and Growth Accounting

This study provides a link between the efficiency wage hypothesis and the current literature of economic growth. An analysis of the interactions between food intake and other productivity determinants in various nations shows that nutritional status is an important long run determinant of productivity and economic development. The paper corroborates rtcent empirical evidences that reject global convergence in favor of conditional convergence of per capita income between countries. The novelty of the present results is that having determined the existence of clubs, based on their 1961 level of caloric intake, these clubs reveal distinct patterns of productivity and growth

On the predictive power of the term structure during the 1930s

This paper investigates the predictive power of the interest rates during the period 1929-1940 in the United States. Our empirical evidence finds no support for the one-to-one relationship between the term structure of short-term interest rates and inflation for forecasting horizons of six months less or greater than one year. The hypothesis is not rejected for a 3 to 12 month horizon or for the 12 to 24 month horizon with a structural break.

WHO EATS WHAT, WHEN, AND FROM WHERE?

The popular impression that over half of our food does not come from a retail food (grocery) store is based on food expenditure data and is misleading. This research set out to learn where people obtain the food they report eating and to determine whether there are significant differences between people who buy most of their food from retail food stores and those who do not. Research on food consumption often focuses on household expenditures at retail food stores and various types of restaurants, but tracking the volume of various types of foods purchased from various retail places is not well established. The Continuing Survey of Food Intake of Individuals survey for 1994 showed that 72 percent of the volume of food consumed was from retail food stores. Age had the largest impact on where people shopped, and when and how many meals they ate. Income and household composition had relatively little impact. Cluster analysis grouped consumers based on where they obtained their food. The largest cluster, nearly half of the individuals, were labeled the Home Cookers. They obtained 93 percent of their food from stores and account for 59 percent of food sold from retail food stores. The High Service cluster is only 10 percent of the sample, but they consumed 50 percent of the food sold in restaurants and only 6 percent of food sold by grocers. Looking at the diets of people in the various clusters reveal that those in the Fast Food clusters ate less fat than the average of the sample while High Service (restaurant) users ate more fat. Home Cookers ate less than the average amount of meat, eggs, and vegetables

Social search and discovery using a unified approach

This research explores new ways to augment the search and discovery of relations between Web 2.0 entities using multi-ple types and sources of social information. Our goal is to allow the search for all object types such as documents, per-sons and tags, while retrieving related objects of all types. We implemented a social-search engine using a unified ap-proach, where the search space is expanded to represent het-erogeneous information objects that are interrelated by sev-eral relation types. Our solution is based on multifaceted search, which provides an efficient update mechanism for relations between objects, as well as efficient search over the heterogeneous data. We describe a social search engine po-sitioned within a large enterprise, applied over social data gathered from several Web 2.0 applications. We conducted a large user study with over 600 people to evaluate the con-tribution of social data for search. Our results demonstrate the high precision of social search results and confirm the strong relationship of users and tags to the topics retrieved

Reconstructing denisovan anatomy using DNA methylation maps

DNA methylation maps can be used to predict anatomical features in hominins and chimpanzees, allowing for reconstruction of a putative anatomical profile of the Denisovan, currently absent from the fossil record.Denisovans are an extinct group of humans whose morphology remains unknown. Here, we present a method for reconstructing skeletal morphology using DNA methylation patterns. Our method is based on linking unidirectional methylation changes to loss-of-function phenotypes. We tested performance by reconstructing Neanderthal and chimpanzee skeletal morphologies and obtained >85% precision in identifying divergent traits. We then applied this method to the Denisovan and offer a putative morphological profile. We suggest that Denisovans likely shared with Neanderthals traits such as an elongated face and a wide pelvis. We also identify Denisovan-derived changes, such as an increased dental arch and lateral cranial expansion. Our predictions match the only morphologically informative Denisovan bone to date, as well as the Xuchang skull, which was suggested by some to be a Denisovan. We conclude that DNA methylation can be used to reconstruct anatomical features, including some that do not survive in the fossil record.This work has been supported by the National Geographic Society (grant HJ-111R-17 to L.C.). D.G. was supported by the Clore Israel Foundation. T.M.-B. is supported by BFU2017-86471-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE), U01 MH106874 grant, Howard Hughes International Early Career, Obra Social “La Caixa,” and Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca and CERCA Programme del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC 2017 SGR 880)