Marjoram increases basal gastric acid and pepsin secretions in rat

Considering the high consumption rate of marjoram in the Iranian population, this study was designed to investigate the effects of marjoram extract on gastric acid and pepsin secretion. In this study, Wistar rats (n = 12) were divided into two equal case and control groups. Under general anaesthesia with 50 mg/kg i.p. sodium thiopental, laparatomy was done and a cannula inserted in the duodenum. In the case animals marjoram (12.5 mg/kg) was injected into the stomach through the mentioned cannula. The gastric contents were collected by the wash-out technique. Acid and pepsin secretions were then measured by titration and the Anson method, respectively. In the marjoram group, basal acid and pepsin secretions were significantly increased compared with the control group (acid: 20 ± 3.36 vs 4.1 ± 0.36 μmol/15 min; pepsin: 9.04 ± 0.01 vs 5.62 ± 0.12 μg/15 min; p < 0.001). In the control group, pentagastrin stimulation increased acid secretion in comparison with the basal level (10.14 ± 1.34 vs 4.1 ± 0.36 μmol/15 min, p < 0.001), while in the marjoram group, there was a significant decline (16.46 ± 3.23 vs 20 ± 3.36 μnol/15 min, p < 0.001). In the marjoram group pentagastrin increased pepsin secretion in comparison with the basal state (12 ± 0.11 vs 9.04 ± 0.1 μ15 min, p < 0.001). It seems that marjoram contains some components that activate chief and parietal cells and increase basal acid and pepsin secretion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Effect of Heracleum persicum extract on acid and pepsin secretion level in both basic and stimulated conditions with pentagastrin in rat

زمینه و هدف: گیاه گلپر (Heracleum persicum) از دسته گیاهانی است که به طور وسیعی دردنیا و بخصوص جامعه ایرانی به عنوان یک گیاه معطر در ترشیجات مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. با توجه به اینکه استفاده از ترشیجات در رژیم غذایی خود سبب تحریک معده می گردد سؤال اینست که آیا استفاده از این گیاه در ساخت ترشیجات اساساً از قدرت تحریک کنندگی این دسته مواد غذایی می کاهد و یا سبب افزایش ترشح شیره معده شده و طبق چه مکانیسم سلولی عمل می نماید. لذا در این مطالعه اثر عصاره این گیاه بر میزان ترشح اسید و پپسین معده در موش صحرایی بررسی شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه بصورت تجربی بر روی دو گروه 12 تایی موش صحرایی (گروه کنترل و گروه گلپر) صورت گرفت. حیوانات پس از بیهوشی توسط تزریق داخل صفاقی mg/kg 50تیوپنتال سدیم (نسدونال)، تراکئوستومی، لاپاراتومی و گاسترودئودنوستومی شدند. عصاره گیاه گلپر که در سرم فیزیولوژی 9/0 درصد حل شده بود، با دوز mg/kg 5/12 از طریق مجرای گاسترودئودنوستوم به درون معده حیوانات گروه گلپر وارد شد. ترشحات معده به روش Wash out شامل «پایه اول، پایه دوم، تحریک با پنتاگاسترین و برگشت به پایه» بدست آمده و اسید آن به روش تیتریمتری و پپسین این ترشحات به روش Anson بررسی شد. یافته ها: عصاره متانولی گیاه گلپر سبب افزایش معنی داری در میزان ترشح اسید و پپسین معده در موشهای گروه گلپر نسبت به گروه کنترل گردید (001/0

A Case Based-Shared Teaching Approach in Undergraduate Medical Curriculum: A Way for Integration in Basic and Clinical Sciences

To present a multiple-instructor, active-learning strategy in the undergraduate medical curriculum. This educational research is a descriptive one. Shared teaching sessions, were designed for undergraduate medical students in six organ-system based courses. Sessions that involved in-class discussions of integrated clinical cases were designed implemented and moderated by at least 3 faculties (clinicians and basic scientists). The participants in this study include the basic sciences medical students of The Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Students’ reactions were assessed using an immediate post-session evaluation form on a 5-point Likert scale. Six two-hour sessions for 2 cohorts of students, 2013 and 2014 medical students during their two first years of study were implemented from April 2014 to March 2015. 17 faculty members participated in the program, 21 cases were designed, and participation average was 60 % at 6 sessions. Students were highly appreciative of this strategy. The majority of students in each course strongly agreed that this learning practice positively contributed to their learning (78%) and provided better understanding and application of the material learned in an integrated classroom course (74%). They believed that the sessions affected their view about medicine (73%), and should be continued in future courses (80%). The percentage demonstrates the average of all courses. The program helped the students learn how to apply basic sciences concepts to clinical medicine. Evaluation of the program indicated that students found the sessions beneficial to their learning

Garlic effects on gastric acid and pepsin secretions in rat

Introduction: Garlic (Allium Satiyum) is a plant widely used in traditional medicine. Its anti-hypertensive, lipid lowering, oxidative activities, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal properties have been proven. It has a tonic effects on stomach but its effects on gastric secretion is not known. Propose of study: To investigate the effect of garlic extract on basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid and secretions in rats. Hypothesis: Garlic extract stimulates gastric gland causing increased production/release of basal acid and pepsin level. Garlic acid mask pentagastrin stimulatory response and causes decrease in acid and pepsin secretary level. Method of Testing: Two group of wistar rats (12 in each group) weighing 200-250gm were used. The first group was considered as study group and received garlic extract, the second group was considered as control. Animal were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium thiopental (50mg/kg) and after tracheotomy and ligation of cervical esophagus, laparotomy was done. A cannula was placed in stomach through duodenum and 1ml of normal saline was injected in to stomach in each group. After 30 minutes their stomach were emptied. Next in study group 1ml garlic extract (100mg/kg) and in control group 1ml normal saline were introduced into stomach. After 15 min 1ml normal saline was injected in both groups and immediately all gastric contents were collected in both groups by wash out technique and basal secretions of acid and pepsin were measured. In order to measure pentagastrin effect on gastric secretions, 25 micro gram/kg pentagastrin was used in both groups. Result: Basal acid secretion in study group showed a significant increase in comparison to control group with P value &lt;0.001 (15.6+ 1.63 micro mol/15 min in case group vs 4.1+ 0.36 micro mol/ 15min). Basal pepsin secretion in study group showed a significant increase in comparison to control group with P value &lt;0.001 (7.27+ 0.15micro gm/15min in case group vs 5.62+ 0.12micro gm/15min). On pentagastrin stimulation, acid secretion in control group showed a significant increase in comparison to its basal value with P value &lt;0.001 (10.14 + 1.34micro mol/15min in vs 4.1+ 0.36 micro mol/15min) but its value decreases in study group (10.5+ 1.89micro mol/15min basal value). In control group following pentagastrin stimulation, pepsin secretion showed a significant increase in comparison to its basal value with P value &lt;0.001 (6.9+ 0.12micro gm/ 15min in case group vs 5.62+ 0.12micro gm/15min), while in study group there is no significant difference from its basal value (7.03+ 0.03micro gm/15min vs 7.27+ 0.15micro gm/15min basal value). Conclusion: Garlic extract have a stimulatory effect on acid and pepsin secretion. The possible mechanism cloud be: a) Increase in parietal or chief cell activities due to Ach release. b) Due to its stimulatory effect on histamine release. However, on pentagastrin stimulation acid secretion decline and pepsin level remain same in study group and this effect may be due to rapid emptying of gastric acid stock or due to inhibition of gastric activity because of attachment of some components in garlic extracts to gastrin receptors on parietal cells

Comparison of Ciprofloxacin-Based Triple Therapy with Conventional Triple Regimen for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Children

Helicobacter pylori infection is a prevalent disease among Iranian children. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ciprofloxacin and furazolidone on eradicating helicobacter pylori in Iranian children in combination with amoxicillin and omeprazole. In this cohort study, helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed by gastroscopy, rapid urease test or pathologic assessments. A total of 66 children were randomly enrolled; based on the random number table, and were divided into two groups; first, a combination regimen consisting of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and omeprazole; second, a three-medication regimen consisting of amoxicillin, furazolidone, and omeprazole. The effect of both medical regimens on the successful eradication of helicobacter pylori infection was assessed and compared. Chi-square test was used for evaluating the association between quantitative variables. All comparisons were made at the significance of P<0.05. Endoscopic tests prior to initiating treatments showed that 66.7% of the patients had a degree of nodularity while peptic ulcer was only observed in one patient. One month after the end of the treatments, eradication of the helicobacter pylori infection was reported 87.9% (29/33) in the first group (CAO) and 60.6% (20.33) in the second group (FAO) (P=0.011). It appears that a major advantage of our proposed regimen over others is a lack of wide use of fluoroquinolones for treating children’s diseases. Given FDA’s recommendation about the possibility of prescribing ciprofloxacin for infected patients with multidrug resistance, we can use the regimen proposed in this study in patients with resistance to standard treatments