The Impact of international trade with China on economic growth of Myanmar (1990/91 - 2016/17)

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy,2018The main objectives of this study are to estimate the long run equilibrium relationship among export and import between Myanmar and China and the GDP of Myanmar and the direction of long-run or short-run causality between the international trade among two countries and economic growth of Myanmar. The data used in this paper are time- series data collected from Ministry of Planning and Finance of Myanmar. The analysis is used to estimate the dynamic causal relationship between the international trade between Myanmar and China and GDP growth of Myanmar. In this study, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test is used to determine whether there is the stationary relationship among the variables of Myanmar’s GDP and export and import with China after transforming them into first differences. The Johansen cointegrated test is used to determine whether all the data are cointegrated and they have long-run association. The Vector Error Correction Model is used to provide that export has a positive impact and import has a negative impact on GDP of Myanmar. The result is that there is a long-run causal relationship running from both exports and import to GDP, but not for short-run. This study shows that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship among the three variables; exports and imports with China and GDP of Myanmar.masterpublishedHLAING NILAR

Effective Routing And Resource Planning (ERPP) Using Centroid Based Heuristic Algorithm

The timely procurement and delivery ofmaterials / equipment to yard, site and assemblylocations requires a huge team effort and isparamount for the successful work done forshipyards and construction sites.The ERRP dealswith pickup and delivery of materials from a depotto delivery point among the sites or yards by afleet of vehicles which are operated by a set ofdrivers who perform movements on anappropriate road network.Details of this paper isto study centroid-based heuristic algorithm byKwangcheol and Sangyong[1] for clustering thedelivery points with three phases: clusterconstruction, cluster adjustment and nearestneighbor algorithm for Travelling SalesmanProblem (TSP) for route establishment to comeout the feasible effective routing and resourceplanning result to help in real world heavyindustries’ logistics

Modern and historical tropical cyclone and tsunami deposits at the coast of Myanmar: Implications for their identification and preservation in the geological record

The catastrophic storm surge of tropical cyclone Nargis in May 2008 demonstrated Myanmar's exposure to coastal flooding. The investigation of sediments left by tropical cyclone Nargis and its predecessors is an important contribution to prepare for the impact of future tropical cyclones and tsunamis in the region, because they may extend the database for long-term hazard assessment beyond the relatively short instrumental and historical record. This study, for the first time, presents deposits of modern and historical tropical cyclones and tsunamis from the coast of Myanmar. The aim is to establish regional sedimentary characteristics that may help to identify and discriminate cyclones and tsunamis in the geological record, and to document post-depositional changes due to tropical weathering in the first years after deposition. These findings if used to interpret older deposits will extend the existing instrumental record of flooding events in Myanmar. Evaluating deposits that can be related to specific events, such as the 2006 tropical cyclone Mala and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, indicates similar sedimentary characteristics for both types of sediments. Landward thinning and fining trends, littoral sediment sources and sharp lower contacts allow for the differentiation from underlying deposits, while discrimination between tropical cyclone and tsunami origin is challenging based on the applied methods. The modern analogues also demonstrate a rather low preservation potential of the sand sheets due to carbonate dissolution, formation of organic top soils, and coastal erosion. However, in coastal depressions sand sheets of sufficient thickness (>10 cm) may be preserved where the shoreline is prograding or stable. In the most seaward swale of a beach-ridge plain at the Rakhine coast, two sand sheets have been identified in addition to the deposits of 2006 tropical cyclone Mala. Based on a combination of optically stimulated luminescence, radiocarbon and Cs-137 dating, the younger sand layer is related to 1982 tropical cyclone Gwa, while the older sand layer is most probably the result of an event that took place prior to 1950. Comparison with historical records indicates that the archive is only sensitive to tropical cyclones of category 4 (or higher) with landfall directly in or a few tens of kilometres north of the study area. While the presented tropical cyclone records are restricted to the last 100 years, optically stimulated luminescence ages of the beach ridges indicate that the swales landward of the one investigated in this study might provide tropical cyclone information for at least the past 700 years

Consumption of fruits and vegetables and associations with risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the Yangon region of Myanmar: A cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: To explore the intake of fruits and vegetables in the Yangon region, Myanmar, and to describe associations between intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) and established risk factors for non-communicable diseases. DESIGN: 2 cross-sectional studies, using the STEPs methodology. SETTING: Urban and rural areas of the Yangon region of Myanmar. PARTICIPANTS: 1486, men and women, 25-74 years, were recruited through a multistage cluster sampling method. Institutionalised people, military personnel, Buddhist monks and nuns were not invited. Physically and mentally ill people were excluded. RESULTS: Mean intake of fruit was 0.8 (SE 0.1) and 0.6 (0.0) servings/day and of vegetables 2.2 (0.1) and 1.2 (0.1) servings/day, in urban and rural areas, respectively. Adjusted for included confounders (age, sex, location, income, education, smoking and low physical activity), men and women eating ≥2 servings of fruits and vegetables/day had lower odds than others of hypertriglyceridaemia (OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.94)). On average, women eating at least 2 servings of fruits and vegetables per day had cholesterol levels 0.28 mmol/L lower than the levels of other women. When only adjusted for sex and age, men eating at least 2 servings of fruits and vegetables per day had cholesterol levels 0.27 mmol/L higher than other men. CONCLUSIONS: A high intake of FV was associated with lower odds of hypertriglyceridaemia among men and women. It was also associated with cholesterol levels, negatively among women and positively among men