Клинические рекомендации по ведению детей с себорейным дерматитом

Seborrheic dermatitis is a widespread erythematous/squamous disease associated with high secretory activity of sebaceous glands. This article presents epidemiological characteristics of the disease and ethiopathogenetic mechanisms of the process. Given high prevalence of the disease, we present clinical pictures of the pediatric and adult forms of the disease, detailed differential/diagnostic algorithm and contemporary recommendations on pharmacological treatment and follow-up management of patients with seborrheic dermatitis. Себорейный дерматит — распространенное эритематозно-сквамозное заболевание, связанное с повышенной секреторной активностью сальных желез. В данной статье приведены эпидемиологические характеристики болезни и этиопатогенетические механизмы процесса ее зарождения. Учитывая высокую встречаемость состояния, представлена клиническая картина детской и взрослой формы заболевания, приведены подробный дифференциальнодиагностический алгоритм и современные рекомендации по медикаментозному лечению и дальнейшему ведению пациентов с себорейным дерматитом.

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM WITH CHILDREN: PECULIARITIES OF COURSE AND MODERN APPROACHES TO THERAPY

The article deals with the main aspects of the epidemiology and clinical course of molluscum contagiosum with children. Comparative analysis of the effectiveness  of different treatment  methods has been done. Based on the data of multicenter clinical studies, the authors concluded that the high efficiency and good tolerance  of 5% potassium hydroxide solution in the treatment  of molluscum contagiosum with children children

Observational study of pimecrolimus 1% cream for prevention of transcutaneous sensitization in children with atopic dermatitis during their first year of life

IntroductionEpidermal barrier dysfunction in children with atopic dermatitis can cause transcutaneous sensitization to allergens and allergic diseases. We evaluated the effectiveness of an early-intervention algorithm for atopic dermatitis treatment, utilizing pimecrolimus for long-term maintenance therapy, in reducing transcutaneous sensitization in infants.MethodThis was a single-center cohort observational study that enrolled children aged 1-4 months with family history of allergic diseases, moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, and sensitization to ≥ 1 of the investigated allergens. Patients who sought medical attention at atopic dermatitis onset (within 10 days) were group 1 “baseline therapy with topical glucocorticoids with subsequent transition to pimecrolimus as maintenance therapy”; patients who sought medical attention later were group 2 “baseline and maintenance therapy with topical glucocorticoids, without subsequent use of pimecrolimus”. Sensitization class and level of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E were determined at baseline, and 6 and 12 months of age. Atopic dermatitis severity was evaluated using the Eczema Area and Severity Index score at baseline and 6, 9 and 12 months of age.ResultsFifty-six and 52 patients were enrolled in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Compared with group 2, group 1 demonstrated a lower level of sensitization to cow's milk protein, egg white and house dust mite allergen at 6 and 12 months of age, and a more pronounced decrease in atopic dermatitis severity at 6, 9 and 12 months of age. No adverse events occurred.DiscussionThe pimecrolimus-containing algorithm was effective in treating atopic dermatitis and prophylaxis of early forms of allergic diseases in infants.Trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT04900948, retrospectively registered, 25 May 2021

PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF COLD ROLLING OF ULTRA-FINE GRAINED AL 5083 ALLOY TO STUDY MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION

Abstract. Recent investigations have demonstrated that ultra-fine grained (UFG) Al 5xxx alloys have a significant potential for industrial applications due to their enhanced mechanical and functional properties. The Al 5xxx alloys often have to undergo hot/cold rolling metalforming operations for fabrication of near-net shape products since they are widely used in form of sheets in marine, transport, and chemical engineering. The development of hot/cold rolling routes for the UFG metallic materials are very expensive due to much higher cost of the UFG metallic materials and time consuming due to numerous experimental trials. The objective of this work is to perform physical simulation of cold rolling of the UFG Al 5083 alloy obtained via equal channel angular pressing with parallel channels and to analyze the effect of cold rolling on the microstucture and microhardness of the material. It is demonstrated that physical simulation of metalforming processes for the UFG metallic materials can significantly reduce the amount of material required for development of processing routes and increase the efficiency of experimental work

The Microstructure and Strength of UFG 6060 alloy after superplastic deformation at a lower homologous temperature

The paper reports on the features of low-temperature superplasticity of the heat-treatable aluminum Al-Mg-Si alloy in the ultrafine-grained state at temperatures below 0.5 times the melting point as well as on its post-deformation microstructure and tensile strengt

Project of NNbar Experiment at the WWR-M Reactor

Supersource of ultracold neutrons on the basis of superfluid helium is under construction in PNPI NRC KI. It must provide UCN density 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than existing sources. For the new source we propose an experiment on search for neutron–antineutron oscillations based on the storage of ultracold neutrons in a material trap. The sensitivity of the experiment mostly depends on the trap size and the amount of UCN in it. The results of simulations of the designed experimental scheme show that the sensitivity can be increased by ∼ 10–40 times compared to sensitivity of previous experiment depending on the model of neutron reflection from walls

Innate immune factor gene expression profiles in patients with atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial genetically determined inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching, chronically relapsing dermatitis, age-related features of localization and morphology of lesions. The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is complex and includes epigenetic alterations, involved in the genomic adaptation, immune response reactions and dysfunction of the epithelial barrier that together trigger the development of atopic dermatitis. The aim of this study is to detect the expression level for IL4, IL13, IL33, TLR2, TLR9 genes in the biological materials of atopic patients.The targeted genes for further expression evaluation were selected according to our previous findings on genome-wide methylation study. We detected the cascades with the differentially methylated genes that are most likely to take place in atopic dermatitis. Thus, we investigated expression levels for the IL4, IL13, IL33, TLR2, TLR9 genes in the skin, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood cells using RT-PCR on 55 pediatric patients and 26 healthy volunteers, and on 50 adult patients. Statistical analysis was performed with the use of Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test. Targeted expression analysis revealed that in the skin samples the expression of TLR9 and IL4 was 12 times significantly lower (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0005) in the lesional skin; and there was a 6-fold decrease in case of TLR2 (p < 0.01). The results for blood mononuclear cells differed and expression levels for most of the assessed targets were significantly higher before treatment. We have also found out that those differences were strongly pronounced especially in an elder age group (12-18 y.o.). Studying the IL33 gene expression in the whole blood samples of adults revealed that its level was significantly higher in case of patients with moderate form of AD. Besides, we concluded that locally in the affected skin inflammatory immune response may dominate; in the mononuclear cells Th2 immune response apparently takes place. New insights on immunological markers and links among them may shed a light on atopic dermatitis pathogenic mechanisms. The detected molecules could play role as potential therapeutic targets and form a management approach for patients with atopic dermatitis