ОЦЕНКА ДОЗ ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В ОТДАЛЁННОМ ПЕРИОДЕ ПОСЛЕ ЧЕРНОБЫЛЬСКОЙ АВАРИИ

Republiccontaminated settlements had been developed. The results of the Whole Body measurements had been used as the basis for the model developing. The model for dose estimation is based on the classification of the settlements according to regional characteristics of soils, which cause 137Cs intake with locally produced foodstuff. The model is also based on regression of internal exposure dose on the soil surface activity for each region. The influence of the indirect factors on the dose forming had been taken into account: the number of inhabitants and the area of forest around the settlement. According  to  the  developed  method,  Catalog  of  Average  Annual  Effective  Doses  for  Residents  of  the Belarus Republic had been created.Разработана методика оценки средних годовых эффективных доз облучения жителей радиоактивно загрязненных населенных пунктов Республики Беларусь. Результаты СИЧ-измерений использованы в качестве основы для разработки модели. Модель для оценки дозы базируется на классификации населённых пунктов по региональным особенностям почв, обусловливающих поступление 137Сs в продукты питания местного производства и произрастания, и построении регрессионных зависимостей дозы внутреннего облучения от плотности загрязнения территории населенного пункта 137Сs для каждого региона. Учтено влияние косвенных факторов на формирование дозы: численности жителей и площади леса вокруг населённого пункта.По разработанной методике создан очередной Каталог средних годовых эффективных доз облучения жителей населенных пунктов Республики Беларусь

Pedagogical support components of students’ social adaptation

© 2016 by author/s.The urgency of the problem stated in the article is caused by the need of pedagogical support of students’ social adaptation on the basis of systematicity, which is achieved if we correctly define the components of the process. The aim of the article is to determine the pedagogical support components of students’ social adaptation. The leading approach underlying the research is a system-based synergetic approach. The selection of components and their layout was carried out on the system-based synergetic approach, mainly from the standpoint of classical theory of systems. The pedagogical support of students’ social adaptation includes theoretical and methodological, information-analytical, content-related, technological, management and expert components. The content of each component used in the process of pedagogical support offered in the article ensures the effectiveness of the professional work of teachers, who support students' social adaptation. The data of the article are of theoretical and practical importance for researchers in the sphere of social adaptation of personality, and also for education professionals, who realize the pedagogical support of students’ social adaptation in practice

Discovery of metastable tetragonal disordered phase upon phase transitions in the equiatomic nanostructured FePd alloy

Specific features of the phase transformation 1 → L10 (space groups Fm3m and P4/mmm, respectively) in single crystals of the equiatomic alloy FePd subjected to annealings both in the absence and in the presence of external uniaxial load, as well as in polycrystalline samples that had undergone severe plastic deformation via high-pressure torsion and subsequent annealing, have been studied. An investigation of the single crystals in a nanostructured state formed at different stages of ordering annealing was performed using optical polarization, thermomagnetic and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The nanostructured state of the polycrystalline samples FePd after deformation of both disordered and ordered FePd alloys and subsequent annealing was examined with the help of TEM and X-ray techniques. The results obtained were analyzed based on the known concepts of the symmetry theory of phase transitions. It was concluded that the atomic ordering in the FePd alloys is preceded by the formation of a ferroelastic disordered body-centered tetragonal phase with the structural type 6 and the space group I4/mmm. Experimental data that evidence the existence of a tetragonal disordered phase both in the single crystals and in the polycrystalline samples of FePd after severe plastic deformation and subsequent annealing are reported. Thus, the A1 ↔ A6 ↔ L10 phase transformation represents a combination of different types of phase transitions such as cooperative displacement A1 ↔ 6 and ordering A6 ↔ L10 of atoms

Changes in the urban population in the republic of the volga federal district of Russia

© Medwell Journals, 2016.The study considers the the dynamics of the urban population in the republics of the Volga Federal District (VFD) Russia: Bashkortostan, Mari El, Mordovia, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Chuvashia from 1990-2013. The main factors affecting to the changing in the urban population in these republics: decline in industrial production; internal and external migration; deterioration of the socio-economic conditions of the population, especially in small cities and towns associated with unemployment; aggravation of environmental problems in large cities and others. Of the 6 republics of the VFD the positive dynamics of the urban population is observed only in the Republic of Tatarstan to 197 thous. people from 1990-2012. And in the other republics of VFD there are negative indicators of the dynamics of the urban population

A social portrait of the Russian trainer

The purposes of this paper are to survey Russian trainers to create a social portrait of the professional group and to identify features, which could be arranged as a foothold for transforming this group to a new level given the demands of the modern economy. This study integrates the use of quantitative and qualitative social research strategies to obtain, aggregate, and analyze data characterizing the professional group of trainers in the Russian vocational education and training (VET) system. The basic research was provided by questionnaires in all federal districts (as recognized by international law) of the Russian Federation. The quantitative poll of trainers was conducted by representative two-level sampling. A number of tables and charts provide a social portrait of the Russian trainer. The statistical data reveal the current level of trainers’ education as well as their length of service, distribution of vocations, and other significant features. The overall conclusion from these findings indicates that a typical representative of this professional group is a woman of average or slightly advanced age with a family, who has a VET or higher education, has served as a training officer for not less than 10 years, and who has either been recruited as a highly skilled worker or as a specialist. A typical representative feels the need to change something in the life and teaching of the young people that she knows. The research into trainers as a professional group was conducted first because of their uniformity, and secondly, their typicality as a pedagogical group. In many respects, the main characteristics of the social portrait are similar to characteristics of other professional groups in the Russian education system, such as secondary and post-secondary school teachers, and VET teachers. The study is based on one country. It is the first and only survey of its type in the Russian Federation. The paper provides a unique analysis of the situation with trainers in the VET system of the Russian Federation. © 2016 Kopnov et al

The development of an inorganic composite consisting a series of AIG phosphors and a high-refracting glass matrix for white-emitting diodes

The synthesis of a luminescent composite was made by sintering a glass frit with powders of phosphors of aluminum-yttrium garnet. The modes of composite sintering are selected, the technology of composite production is developed. As a result, a powerful, energy-efficient and more compact source of quality white light is obtained.Производился синтез люминесцирующего композита путём спекания стекольной фритты с порошками люминофоров алюмоиттриевого граната. Подобраны режимы спекания композита, разработана технология получения композита. В результате получен мощный, энергоэффективный и более компактный источник качественного белого света

INORGANIC PHOSPHORS LEADED GLASS FOR WHITE LEDS

Synthesized luminescent composite of lead-containing glass with a high refractive index and the fine powder of YAG doped with cerium. Selected temperature sintering composite modes and worked out the composite fabrication technology. It sent a powerful energy-efficient white light source.Синтезирован люминесцирующий композит на основе свинецсодержащего стекла с высоким показателем преломления и мелкодисперсного порошка алюмо-иттриевого граната, легированного церием. Выбран химический состав стекла с высоким показателем преломления, отработаны технология изготовления композита, температурные режимы спекания стекла и люминофора. Получен мощный энергосберегающий источник белого света

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕХОДА ОТ ЗОНИРОВАНИЯ РАДИОАКТИВНО ЗАГРЯЗНЁННОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ К КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ НАСЕЛЁННЫХ ПУНКТОВ ПО СРЕДНИМ ГОДОВЫМ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫМ ДОЗАМ ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ В ОТДАЛЁННОМ ПЕРИОДЕ ПОСЛЕ АВАРИИ НА ЧАЭС

In an existing exposure situation (in a remote period after the Chernobyl accident) there is a need of the transition from "radioactive area zoning" to "the settlements classification by average annual effective doses to the critical group of persons among the settlement's residents", to ensure the appropriate radiation level and social protection of the settlement's residents, located on the contaminated territory.The comparative allocation analysis of the average annual external and internal effective doses, the average annual effective cumulative doses to residents of settlements, related to the relevant areas (the Council of Ministers of Belarus latest decision, the proposed dose range according to the Catalogue of average annual effective doses of residents of settlements radiation Republic of Belarus) confirmed the validity of the transition from "radioactive zoning area" to "the classification of settlements by average annual effective dose."In accordance with the radiation protection principles, it seems reasonable to classify the settlements located on the contaminated territory at the average annual effective dose as follows: < 0.1 mSv / year (not required to carry out radiation protection measures in the agricultural sector); 0.1-1 mSv / year (periodic radiation monitoring should be carried out); 1 mSv / year (it is necessary to apply a complex of protective measures).В отдалённом периоде после Чернобыльской аварии в ситуации существующего облучения назрела необходимость перехода от зонирования радиоактивной территории для обеспечения соответствующего уровня радиационной и социальной защиты жителей населённых пунктов, расположенных на радиоактивно загрязнённой территории, к классификации населённых пунктов по средним годовым эффективным дозам облучения лиц критической группы среди жителей населённого пункта. Проведенный сравнительный анализ распределений средних годовых эффективных доз внешнего и внутреннего облучения, средних годовых эффективных суммарных доз облучения жителей населённых пунктов, отнесенных к соответствующим зонам по последнему постановлению Совмина Республики Беларусь, и по предложенным дозовым диапазонам по данным Каталога средних годовых эффективных доз облучения жителей населённых пунктов Республики Беларусь подтвердил обоснованность перехода от зонирования радиоактивной территории к классификации населённых пунктов по средним годовым эффективным дозам.В соответствии с принципами радиационной защиты, представляется разумным классифицировать населённые пункты, находящиеся на радиоактивно загрязнённой территории, по средним годовым эффективным дозам: <0,1 мЗв/год (не требуется проводить противорадиационных мероприятий в агропромышленном комплексе); 0,1-1мЗв/год (необходимо проводить периодический радиационный контроль); 1мЗв/год (необходимо вводить комплекс защитных мероприятий)

ОЦЕНКИ ДОЗ ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В ОТДАЛЁННОМ ПЕРИОДЕ АВАРИИ НА ЧАЭС: ОПЫТ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА

The study which had been conducted in the period from 1990 to 2000’s in the settlements ofGomelregion showed that the average internal exposure doses of population living in the settlements situated on territories with equal levels of contamination density were considerably different. The reasons for the difference have been revealed. It was shown that not only radiation contamination of territory but also a range of factors of non-radiation origin have influence on formation of internal exposure dose. The hypothesis has been approved that internal exposure dose of each individual and also of each family has its certain place, constant in time at a dose distribution curve. This appropriateness had been used as a methodological basis for reconstruction of subjects’ individual doses for any time period. Method for estimating the average annual effective exposure doses of inhabitants living in contaminated settlements of theBelarusRepublichad been developed. The results of the Whole Body Counter measurements had been used for direct assessment of internal exposure dose and as the basis for developing a model. Model for the dose estimation is based on the classification of settlements according to regional characteristics of soil, which cause 137Cs in taking with locally produced foodstuff. The model is also based on regression of daily 137Cs intake on the density contamination of the soil for each region. The effect of the indirect factors on the dose forming had been taken into account: the number of inhabitants and the area of forest around the settlement. According to the developed method, there had been created a Catalog of Average Annual Effective Doses of Residents of the Belarus Republic.Исследования, проведенные за период 1990–2000 гг. в населённых пунктах Гомельской области, показали, что средние дозы внутреннего облучения населения, проживающего в населенных пунктах на территориях с близкими значениями плотности загрязнения,существенно различаются. Выявлены причины этого различия. Показано, что на формирование дозы внутреннего облучения оказывает влияние не только непосредственно радиационное загрязнение территории, но и ряд нерадиационных факторов. Подтверждена гипотеза о том, что доза внутреннего облучения каждого индивида, а также каждой семьи на кривой распределения дозы имеет своё определённое место, постоянное во времени. Эта закономерность была использована в качестве методической основы для реконструкции индивидуализированных доз облучения лиц в любой временной период. Разработана методика оценки средних годовых эффективных доз облучения жителей радиоактивно загрязненных населенных пунктов (НП) Республики Беларусь. Результаты СИЧ-измерений использованы для непосредственной оценки дозы внутреннего облучения и в качестве основы для разработки модели. Модель для оценки дозы базируется на классификации населённых пунктов по региональным особенностям почв, обусловливающих поступление 137Сs в продукты питания местного производства и произрастания, и построении регрессионных зависимостей суточного поступления от плотности загрязнения территории населенного пункта 137Сs для каждого региона. Учтено влияние косвенных факторов на формирование дозы: численности жителей и площади леса вокруг населённого пункта. По разработанной методике создан Каталог средних годовых эффективных доз облучения жителей населенных пунктов Республики Беларусь