Les violences sexuelles envers les femmes immigrées d'Afrique subsaharienne après la migration en France = Sexual violence against women from sub-Saharan Africa after migration to France

L'enquête Parcours réalisée en 2012-2013 dans des établissements de santé en Île-de-France permet d'étudier les violences sexuelles que les femmes immigrées originaires d'Afrique subsaharienne ont subies après leur migration et d'examiner le contexte social de leur survenue. L'insécurité résidentielle et administrative accroît ces violences sexuelles. Un tiers des femmes séropositives pour le VIH a été infecté après la migration, et rapporte quatre fois plus souvent avoir été victime de rapports sexuels forcés que les femmes non infectées

Migrants subsahariens : combien de temps leur faut-il pour s'installer en France ? = How long do sub-Saharan migrants take to settle in France ?

Six à sept ans après leur arrivée en France, la moitié des migrants d'Afrique subsaharienne n'ont toujours pas les rois éléments d'installation que sont un titre de séjour d'au moins un an, un logement personnel, et un travail. Au bout de onze à douze ans, c'est encore le cas d'un quart d'entre eux. Cette longue période de précarité après l'arrivée en France tient plus aux conditions d'accueil (longueur du processus de régularisation, marché du travail segmenté, discriminations) qu'aux caractéristiques individuelles des arrivants. La situation des migrants subsahariens finit par se stabiliser, mais pour beaucoup d'entre eux, c'est au prix du passage par une longue période d'insécurité

Time since the last HIV test and migration origin in the Paris metropolitan area, France.

International audienceIn France, the newly diagnosed infection rate was 372/100,000 for African immigrants versus 6/100,000 for the French-born population in 2008. In addition, people from sub-Saharan countries were at higher risk for late diagnosis than native-born French despite their more frequent use of HIV testing. The purpose of this study was to compare the mean time since the last HIV test according to migration origin. This study used data from the SIRS (a French acronym for health, inequalities, and social ruptures) cohort, which, in 2005, included 3023 households representative of the greater Paris area. HIV testing uptake and the time since the last test were studied in relation to socio-economic factors, psychosocial characteristics, and migration origin. Multivariate ANOVA analyses were performed using Stata 10. People from sub-Saharan Africa were more likely to have been tested in their lifetime (78.51%) than those of French (56.19%) or Maghreb (39.74%) origin (p<0.0000). The mean time, in years, since the last HIV test was shorter among sub-Saharan immigrants and Maghreb immigrants (2.15 and 2.53 years, respectively) than among native-born French (4.84 years) (F=12.67; p<0.0000). These differences remained significant even after adjusting for gender, age, number of steady relationships, time lived in France, and difficulty reading and/or writing French (F=5.73; p=0.0007). A gender analysis revealed the same pattern for both sexes, with greater differences in the mean duration by migration origin for women. These results and recent epidemiological data seem to show that since the early 2000s, measures aimed at increasing HIV testing and decreasing late diagnosis in sub-Saharan immigrants have been effective

Mapping divided households and residency changes: the effect of couple separation on sexual behavior and risk of HIV infection

Using census data we identify geographic patterns in residency changes in Lesotho over a decade. Using kriging to spatially interpolate data from 8,510 households we identify regions where households have members temporarily living away from home (divided households). Further, using a multivariate analysis and data from 2,026 couples we determine whether a partners’ absence increases the likelihood of having extramarital partners and/or risk of HIV infection. Approximately 40% of individuals moved between 2001 and 2011; mainly to, and within, urbanized regions. Many households are divided: ~40% have members elsewhere in Lesotho, ~30% in South Africa (SA). Geographic patterns are apparent; they differ based on where the household member is living. Many couples were temporarily separated: ~50% of wives, ~20% of husbands. Separation was not a risk factor for HIV. Only men were more likely to have extramarital partners if their spouse was away: ~1.5 times if in Lesotho, ~3 times if in SA. The high degree of geographic mixing necessitates synchronizing interventions within Lesotho, and with SA, to successfully reduce transmission. It will be challenging to reduce concurrency in men with wives away from home. Our results are generalizable to other sub-Saharan countries where residency changes are common