A tunable X-band SiGe HBT single stage cascode LNA

This paper presents an X-band silicon-germanium (SiGe) single stage cascode tunable low-noise amplifier (LNA) for active phased array transmit/receive modules. LNA is implemented by using IHP SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) 0.25-μm SGB25V technology. Cadence is used in collaboration with ADS during schematic and layout design and the results depict that designed LNA dissipates 15.36 mW from an 2.4 V DC power supply and the maximum gain around 18 dB in X-band while not exceeding the 2.4 dB noise figure (NF). Reverse gain of the LNA is very low (<-40 dB). Input terminal is matched so that S11 is below -10 dB in X-band

An x-band RFIC active phase shifter

Abstract— An active RFIC X-band phase shifter is implemented using IHP SiGe HBT 0.25 μm SGB25V technology with an improved vector sum method. The chip is formed by a three way Wilkinson power divider, three phase delays for 0-120-240 degrees, three similar RFIC LNAs and a final three way Wilkinson power combiner on the same chip and occupies an area of 4x1.8 mm2. The circuit provides both phase and amplitude control without the need of any additional digital circuitry. Phase shifting is simply based on the weighted vector sum of three vectors which are separated by 120º from each other. All 0-360 degree phase can be scanned simply by this method with the addition of amplitude control. The RFIC LNA circuit is fabricated and measurement results show that LNA has a gain of 10 - 13 dB with in the band of 6-9 GHz and 2-3 dB NF within the same band. The simulation results show that the phase can be scanned from 0-360 degrees with average 7 degree resolution for a 2 dB amplifier gain change. The gain of the overall active phase shifter circuit is 12-13 dB with output gain flatness is 1 dB and the circuit consumes 15.36 mW power. The circuit combines the amplifier with phase shifter and can be used for X-band applications

A telemetry antenna system for unmanned air vehicles

This paper presents a low VSWR high gain telemetry antenna system manufactured for UAVs that provides 360± coverage in the roll plane of the UAV. Proposed telemetry antenna system includes four telemetry antennas, one power divider that has one input and four output terminals which feeds the telemetry antennas with equal magnitude and phase. Proposed high gain telemetry antennas are based on the feeding of the microstrip patch antenna via aperture coupling. Full coverage in the roll plane of the UAV is obtained by using circular array configuration of telemetry antennas. RF power divider is designed by using couple of Wilkinson power dividers with equal line lengths and impedance sections from input terminal to the all four output terminals

Effects on number of diastase and hydroxymethylfurfural of heat treatment and waiting period in the honeydew and hayit honey produced in the Aegean region

Bu çalışma, Ege Bölgesi'nde üretilen hayıt (vitex agnus-castus) balının TSE bal standardı açısından tanımlanması ve bölge çam balının genel özelliklerinin, farklı analitik parametrelerle belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada ayrıca, bölge ve ülkemiz açısından önemli ballardan, çam ve hayıt ballarının hasat sonrası depolanması, işlenmesi ve paketlenmesi aşamalarında, bekletme ve ısıl işlem uygulamalarının balların niteliklerini belirleyen en önemli iki faktör olan 5-HMF ve diastaz enzimi değişimleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Ege Bölgesi'nde, altı farklı arıcılık işletmesinde hasat edilen hayıt balı, yine altı farklı arıcılık işletmesinde hasat edilen ballar, Denizli İl Kontrol Laboratuarında analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre hayıt ballarının sırası ile ortalama pH değeri 3,75±0.033, brix 82,09±0.07, nem % 15.95±0.040, 5-HMF 9.96±0.098 mg/kg, diastaz sayısı 21.77±0.208, glikoz %33.23±0.729, fruktoz % 40.53±0.281, invertşeker (glikoz+fruktoz) %73,961±0,651, fruktoz/glikoz 1,223±0,025, kül % 0.220±0.006, serbest asitlik 26,561±0.3 meq/kg, elektriksel iletkenlik 0,423 ± 0.001 mS/cm-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çam ballarında ise, pH değeri 4.041±0.025, brix 80,5±0,10, nem 17.73±0.049, 5-HMF 3,45±0,094 mg/kg, diastaz sayısı 17.58±0.208, glikoz 26.7±0.338, fruktoz 35.4±0.184, invertşeker (glikoz+fruktoz) 62,0±0.65, fruktoz/glikoz 1,31±0.019, kül % 0.506±0.006, serbest asitlik 27.01±0.1meq/kg, elektriksel iletkenlik 1.177±0,001 mS/cm-1 olarak tesbit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada her iki bal çeşidinde de başlangıç değerleri, oda sıcaklığında farklı bekleme sürelerinde ve 60 ºC `de 24 saat bekletilmesi sonucu 5-HMF ve diastaz sayısı limit değerleri içinde tespit edilmiştir. Ancak hayıt ve çam balı 72 ºC'de 24 saat bekletildiğinde, 5-HMF ve diastaz sayısı limit değerlerinin dışında belirlenmiştir.This study is conducted in order to define hayit honey which is produced in Aegean Region according to the standards of TSE and determine the general qualities of region's honeydew with respect to different analytical parameters. Moreover, in this research two most important factors that determine the qualities of honey 5-HMF and diastase enzyme levels of honeydew and hayit honey, which are important type of honey for region and our country, during the steps after harvesting honey which are storage, processing, packaging; holding and thermal processing applications are investigated. In this study, hayit honey were obtained from six different beekeepers, similarly honeydew were also obtained from six different beekeepers in the Aegean region. All the honey samples were analyzed in Denizli Provincial Control Laboratory. From the result of, It was determined in the hayit honey average pH 3,75±0.033, brix 82,09±0.07, humidity % 15.95±0.040, 5-HMF 9.96±0.098 mg/kg, diastase 21.77±0.208, glucose %33.23±0.729, fructose % 40.53±0.281, invert sugar (glucose+fructose) %73.961±0.651, fructose /glucose 1,223±0,025, ash % 0.220±0.006, free acidity 26,561±0.3 meq/kg, electrical conductivity 0,423 ± 0.001 mS/cm-1, respectively. Also it was determined in the honeydew as ,pH 4.041±0.025, brix 80,5±0,10, humidity % 17.73±0.049, 5-HMF 3,45±0,094 mg/kg, diastase 17.58±0.208, glucose %26.7±0.338, fructose % 35.4±0.184, invert sugar (glucose+fructose) %62,0±0.65, fructose/glucose 1,31±0.019, ash % 0.506±0.006, free acidity 27.01±0.1meq/kg, electrical conductivity 1.177±0,001 mS/cm-1 In this study, the initial values of both varieties of honey at room temperature for different waiting times and 60 º C for 24 hours as a result the number of 5-HMF and diastase in the limit values have been identified. But waiting was hayit and honeydew 72 º C for 24 hours exceeded the limit values for the number of 5-HMF and diastase

Printed dipole array fed with parallel strip line for Ku-band applications

This paper presents the design procedure of a printed dipole antenna and 1D array configurations of the single dipole element in the Ku-Band with its metallic reflector plane parallel to the array plane. The proposed antenna has a natural beam tilt which is useful for some specific applications. Several array configurations in 1D are simulated and tested. The effect of mutual coupling among each array elements is also investigated. Required modifications on the individual array element and the feed structures due to the effect of mutual coupling are examined. The single dipole and array of dipole has measured VSWR values smaller than 2 in the Ku-Band with simulated gains of 5.7 dBi and 12 dBi, respectively. All the simulations are performed with ADS-2006A software and measurements are performed in an anechoic chamber

A sliding mode approach to visual motion estimation

The problem of estimating motion from a sequence of images has been a major research theme in machine vision for many years and remains one of the most challenging ones. In this work, we use sliding mode observers to estimate the motion of a moving body with the aid of a CCD camera. We consider a variety of dynamical systems which arise in machine vision applications and develop a novel identication procedure for the estimation of both constant and time varying parameters. The basic procedure introduced for parameter estimation is to recast image feature dynamics linearly in terms of unknown parameters and construct a sliding mode observer to produce asymptotically correct estimates of the observed image features, and then use “equivalent control” to explicitly compute parameters. Much of our analysis has been substantiated by computer simulations and real experiments

Optimization of aperture coupled microstrip patch antennas

Aperture coupled microstrip patch antennas (ACMPA) are special class of microstrip antennas with high gain and wide impedance bandwidth. These antennas differ from other microstrip antennas with their feeding structure of the radiating patch element. Input signal couples to the radiating patch through the aperture that exists on the ground plane of the microstrip feedline. These special antennas are multilayer stacked type of antennas with so many design variables that will affect the antenna performance. This paper presents the design and optimization procedure of ACMPA while taking care of all possible design variables and parameters to get the highest possible antenna gain and minimum VSWR

False-positivity in diagnosis of brucellosis associated with Rev-1 vaccine

[No Abstract Available