Bartol Kašić in Dubrovnik — a missionary, writer, translator

Kašićev rad uvelike je povezan s Dubrovnikom. U ovom gradu Kašić je pisao svoja književna djela i prevodio. Ovdje je nastojao pravilima svoje gramatike obli­kovati jedinstveni književni jezik kojim bi se pisale sve liturgijske knjige i cjelo­kupni hrvatski književni izričaj.Bartol Kašić (born in Pag 1575, died in Rome 1650) is the author of the first Croatian grammar, a literary writer and also a translator. This article throws light upon fifteen years of Kašić\u27s Dubrovnik life and the part it played in his literary work. A contrastive study of his work has been presented in view of Croatian cultural and literary history. Dubrovnik was the place where Kašić proved himself as a writer and translator. Setting grammar rules he tried to give bases for standard language to be used in liturgy scripts as well as in literature. His work contributed to the understanding of the 17th century Dubrovnik — Kašić\u27s Autobiography being a perfect example. Dubrovnik was the place of Kašić\u27s missionary work as a counter reformer with the motto »omnia restaurare« — restore everything according to the rules of the Trident Council (1545 — 1563). Dubrovnik was also the departure point of his missionary voyages throughout the »Illyrian« provinces under the Turkish rule. We find him as censor, critic and correspondent with his contemporaries

Povijesni razvoj zaštite arhivske građe na području Dubrovačke Republike i grada Dubrovnika

Autor u članku na sažet i dokumentiran način osvjetljava razvoj brige za arhivsku građu na području Dubrovačke Republike i grada Dubrovnika od srednjega vijeka (XIII/XIV. st.), pa sve do pada Republike 1808. godine. Arhivska građa Dubrovačke Republike, mala po opsegu, ali veoma vrijedna po svojem sadržaju, sačuvana je u kontinuitetu kakav se rijetko sreće u svijetu. To i nije tako čudno ako imamo na umu stroge propise o čuvanju, sankcije predviđene za kršenje tih propisa i nadasve odgovoran odnos prema pisanoj riječi na ovim prostorima. Osim sustavnog čuvanja arhivske građe, Dubrovačka Republika vrlo je rano uvela i posebnu službu za uvezivanje i restauriranje starih dokumenata i arhivskih knjiga. Imenovani su i posebni službenici zaduženi za brigu o notarskim i kancelarijskim registrima, uređene su prostorije za smještaj arhivske građe te onemogućeno njezino iznošenje iz tih prostorija.. Dubrovačka vlada pobrinula se i za prepisivanje teže oštećenih registara. Sve te mjere omogućile su spomenutu cjelovitost sačuvane arhivske građe Dubrovačke Republike u količini od 650 dužnih metara

Natural Refrigerant on Board Marine Vessels

The paper deals with the topic of refrigerants, their historical evolution, applied legislation and trends in maritime affairs. Regarding the Environmental care paper considers the impact of refrigerants of refrigeration systems, both on stationary plants on land and on plants on board. New regulations of the European Union, and IMO maritime organization, require the reduction and complete abolition of harmful synthetic refrigerants and the introduction of new refrigerants that will have a significant economic and environmental impact. The trend is the introduction of natural refrigerants as a replacement for existing environmentally unacceptable ones. On-board refrigeration systems introduce natural refrigerants such as ammonia and carbon dioxide into applications that require lower refrigeration temperatures. Absorption cooling plants are introduced into air conditioning applications on board the ship. They work with water/lithium bromide (H2O/LiBr) mixtures, thus increasing the efficiency of the plant and reducing the impact on the environment

Učinci razine zaslanjenosti vode za navodnjavanje na produktivnost boba (Vicia faba L.)

In Mediterranean region where seawater intrudes porous karst matrix and salinizes soil and water resources, water used for the irrigation of crops is frequently of inadequate quality. Measuring the productivity of horticultural crops under saline conditions helps to determine whether and when to irrigate crops if water is saline, thus balance between crop water and salt stress. A greenhouse pot experiment was set to study the effects of saline irrigation water on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) biomass and yield parameters. NaCl salinity was applied in a nutrient solution as follows: NaCl0 as control (nutrient solution without added NaCl), NaCl50 (control + 50 mM NaCl), and NaCl100 (control + 100 mM NaCl). Five weeks after salinity treatment started, plant height (cm), number of lateral branches per plant, number of pods and seeds per plant, shoot weight (g), pod weight (g) and seed weight (g) were determined. Compared to control, increased irrigation water salinity statistically significantly decreased measured parameters (P<0.01), except for number of branches and pods. Faba bean productivity decreased proportionally to the irrigation water salinity level, suggesting that optimal saline agriculture management strategy can be to allow for the acceptable yield loss in order to avoid plant water stress.Na području Mediterana, gdje dolazi do prodora morske vode kroz porozni krški materijal i zaslanjivanja tala i vodnih resursa, voda koja se koristi za navodnjavanje usjeva često nije odgovarajuće kakvoće. Mjerenje produktivnosti hortikulturnih usjeva u zaslanjenim uvjetima pomaže odrediti može li se navodnjavati zaslanjenom vodom i kada, kako bi se pronašla ravnoteža između vodnog stresa usjeva i stresa soli. Postavljen je pokus u loncima u plasteniku kako bi se istražili učinci zaslanjene vode za navodnjavanje na biomasu i parametre prinosa boba (Vicia faba L.). NaCl sol je primijenjena u hranjivoj otopini kako slijedi: NaCl0 kao kontrola (hranjiva otopina bez dodanog NaCl), NaCl50 (kontrola + 50 mM NaCl), i NaCl100 (kontrola + 100 mM NaCl). Pet tjedana nakon početka tretmana zaslanjenom vodom, izmjerena je visina biljaka (cm), određen broj bočnih izdanaka, mahuna i sjemenki po biljci, masa nadzemnog dijela biljke (g), masa mahune (g) i masa sjemena (g). U usporedbi s kontrolom, povećana zaslanjenost vode za navodnjavanje statistički je značajno smanjila mjerene parametre (P<0.01), osim broja izdanaka i mahuna. Produktivnost boba smanjila se proporcionalno razini zaslanjenosti vode za navodnjavanje, sugerirajući da optimalna strategija poljoprivrednog gospodarenja u zaslanjenim uvjetima može biti dozvoljavanje prihvatljivog gubitka prinosa kako bi se izbjegao vodni stres usjeva

Agricultural Management Strategies for Countering Drought Conditions in Eastern Croatia

The occurrence of drought periods which last for several months is becoming increasingly frequent, even in regions which have not encountered them before. Agricultural production is very sensitive to drought, and in areas where such conditions were rather unexpected, it is also unprepared for limited water management. As an example, in the area of the Biđ-Bosut field located in eastern Croatia, a significant change in the agricultural soil water regime is noticed during a long-term study (2003–2018). From 2003 to 2018, the groundwater level at 4 m below the soil surface showed a decreasing trend of 6–10 cm annually, while this negative trend was even more prominent from 2014 to 2018 (18–71 cm annually). Furthermore, water level in a groundwater aquifer at 15 m below the soil surface showed a decreasing trend of 26–77 cm during 2015–2018. In accordance with the obtained results, this study proposes certain agro-hydrotechnical strategies which can be used in agricultural production to alleviate the effects of drought period. Although these management strategies are primarily described on an eastern continental Croatia example, they can also be applied in all agricultural areas with similar agroecological conditions