Isolation, Identification, Morphological Studies and Lipid Granules Staining (Nile red) of Different Micro-Algae for Biodiesel Production from Fresh Water and Saline Water

In the present study, the algal samples were collected from temple tanks, saline water in Chennai, Mahapaliburam and Kovallam. Collections were carried out during the month of September 2010 and February 2011. Samples were studied in the laboratory and identified. In their surveyed the population, identification, morphological, and examined the Nile red method with microalgae genus of various classes. Various physical and chemical treatments were applied to the existing Nile red method to improve the effectiveness and efficiency. The following algae were present Chlorella vulgaris, Nannnochloropsis, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Tetraselmis suecica, Chlorococcum humicolo, Scenedesmus acuminatus, Amphora coffeaformis, and Nitzschia longissima. Algae are described with photographs

Design and performance analysis of boost converters in an energy harvesting system for underwater applications using sea water in microbial fuel cell

2241-2249Present study consists of an innovative energy harvesting system for low power devices. This harvesting system uses ocean water/ river water, sea sand, bacteria’s in ocean water using Microbial Fuel Cell as a source for power generation. The energy harvesting system consists of Microbial Fuel Cell and a power management system. Performance analysis of MFC is carried using Stainless Steel as anode and Magnesium as a cathode with waste milk , waste vegetables, soil, red sand, sea water collected at shallow water, sea sand, etc. are the various source samples. MFC is able to achieve more than 1V. Power management system consists of Charge Pump, Super capacitor and Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC). The developed energy harvesting system results in generating 6.8 V which is the requirement of the load. Thus the designed energy harvesting system provides relentless and justifiable power supply for remote underwater sensing, surveillance devices including data collections. Simulation results of energy harvesting system are carried out using Linear Technology (LT) spice

Implementation of sea sand in microbial fuel cell for an energy harvesting system using LTC for underwater applications

884-889In this paper an innovative energy harvesting system for low power devices are proposed. This harvesting system uses ocean water/river water, sea sand, bactria’s in ocean water using Microbial Fuel Cell as a source for power generation. The energy harvesting system consists of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) and a power management system. Performance analysis of the MFC is carried using Stainless Steel as anode and Magnesium as a cathode with waste milk, waste vegetables, soil, red sand, sea water collected at shallow water, sea sand, etc are the various source samples. MFC is able to achieve more than 1 V. Power management system consists of Charge Pump, Super capacitor and Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) using LTC (Linear Technology Chip) 3872. The developed energy harvesting system results in generating 7.02V which is the requirement of the load. Thus the designed energy harvesting system provides relentless and justifiable power supply for remote underwater sensing, surveillance devices including data collections. Simulation results of energy harvesting system are carried out using Linear Technology (LT) spice

Sulfur deficiency mediated visible emission of ZnS QDs by magnesium dopant and their application in waste water treatment

The photocatalyst with antimicrobial activity serves as a better candidate material for wastewater treatment, as wastewater contains microbes, hazardous dyes, and heavy metals. Hence, the present study extensively examines the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities against two waterborne bacterial strains, namely Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Pure and Mg-doped ZnS (Mg:ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized using a low-cost and simple co-precipitation method. The QDs' structural, surface morphology, chemical purity, and optical characteristics were analyzed through XRD, SEM, EDAX, TEM, UV–visible, and photoluminescence spectra. The incorporation of Mg dopants did not introduce significant alterations to the cubic blende structure of ZnS, nor did it induce substantial changes in the structural parameters. However, the QDs exhibited a slight sulfur deficiency, which was further increased by the presence of Mg dopant. The Mg dopant, due to its dominant compositional effect, reduced the band gap. Several optical emission bands were observed in the UV, violet, blue, and green regions, corresponding to NBE emission, sulfur-related defects, and Zn-related defects. Initially, Mg doping enhanced visible emission related to defects, while NBE emission was suppressed by the Mg dopant. However, increasing the concentration of the Mg dopant led to a slight increase in NBE emission. The Mg dopant enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the QDs, and a strong correlation was found between photocatalytic activity and NBE emission. The presence of the Mg dopant led to an increased rate of ROS-based decolorization by reducing the electron-hole recombination rate

Noise Model Analysis and Estimation of Effect due to Wind Driven Ambient Noise in Shallow Water

Signal transmission in ocean using water as a channel is a challenging process due to attenuation, spreading, reverberation, absorption, and so forth, apart from the contribution of acoustic signals due to ambient noises. Ambient noises in sea are of two types: manmade (shipping, aircraft over the sea, motor on boat, etc.) and natural (rain, wind, seismic, etc.), apart from marine mammals and phytoplanktons. Since wind exists in all places and at all time: its effect plays a major role. Hence, in this paper, we concentrate on estimating the effects of wind. Seven sets of data with various wind speeds ranging from 2.11 m/s to 6.57 m/s were used. The analysis is performed for frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 8 kHz. It is found that a linear relationship between noise spectrum and wind speed exists for the entire frequency range. Further, we developed a noise model for analyzing the noise level. The results of the empirical data are found to fit with results obtained with the aid of noise model

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF RICE DISEASE (BLAST) BY USING TRICHODERMA VIRIDE IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS

The most common biological control agents of the genus Trichoderma have been reported as strains of T. virens, T. harzianum, and T. viride. Since Trichoderma biological control agent use different mechanisms of biocontrol, it is important to explore the synergistic effects expressed by different genotypes for their practical use in agriculture (Hemosa et al., 2000). Trichoderma species have been investigated as biological control agents for over 70 years, but it is only recently that strains have become commercially available. This finding is largely a result of the change in public attitude towards the use of chemical pesticides and fumigants such as methyl bromide. Trichoderma viride is an efficient biocontrol agent that is commercially produced to prevent development of several soil pathogenic fungi. Different mechanisms have been suggested as being responsible for their biocontrol activity, which includes competition for space and nutrients, secretion of chitinolytic enzymes, mycoparasitism and production of inhibitory compounds (Harman et al., 1993). Rice disease blast is caused by Pyricularia oryzae. Blast disease initial symptoms are white to gray-green lesions or spots with darkened borders produced on all parts of shoot; older lesions are elliptical or spindle-shaped and whitish gray with necrotic borders. Lesions are wide in the centre and pointed toward either end; lesions may enlarge and coalesce to kill entire leaves. The objective of this study is to control blast disease in rice. The study is to be conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Guyana, at Berbice Campus, Science Centre, John, from February 2009 to May 2009. The experiments are designed in a completely random block design with three replicates. Parameters to be observed are selection of medium, temperature, pH, and measurement of disease index and disease severity randomly. The studies are to show the potential of T. viride for control of blast disease in rice