Exploring Evidence of Lost and Forgotten Irish Food Traditions in Irish Cookbooks 1980-2015

A study by the Irish Food Board, Bord Bia, in 2008 outlined some lost and forgotten food traditions in Ireland based on the evidence from a pre-selected expert group. This paper explores the inclusion of traditional Irish foods within seventy-nine Irish cookbooks, published between 1980 to 2015. Extant academic and grey literature on food traditions and cookbooks, together with the content of the cookbooks, identified a gradual decline in the presence of certain traditional Irish foods, to the point where they could be deemed lost or forgotten. The study, however, also finds a re-emergence in the most recent period. A notable omission in both the corpus of cookbooks, highlighting their aspirational function, and the Bord Bia report, was bacon and cabbage, a traditional dish closely associated with Ireland. This paper outlines the importance of documenting food traditions in order to pass on this knowledge to future generations

Austerity in 21st. Century Dublin: has Recession Altered our Relationship with Food Purchasing and Preparation?

The current global recession has affected almost all countries whose economies adhere to free-market principles and are involved in international money markets. Ireland, along with the majority of its European trading partners both inside and outside the eurozone has seen a sharp fall in the standard of living of its citizens in the years since the financial crisis emerged (2007 to present). In common with the almost universal international paradigm, Irish citizens have had drastic austerity measures imposed upon them. In Ireland’s case, the underwriting of private banking debt and its subsequent conversion to sovereign debt served to contract the economy and to send the country into recession. This has left many households to manage on a severely reduced budget. As food is one of the pre-requisites for life, its nutritional value cannot be reduced by much or for long without affecting the health of the household so this means that when prioritising the household budget, decisions regarding food are fundamental to the process. This study examines how the current recession has affected the domestic food purchasing and cooking habits of people living in Dublin. The main research question is: Austerity in 21st century Dublin: has recession altered our relationship with food purchasing and preparation? The study collected data from 157 valid questionnaires and ten interviews drawn from a cross-section of the community and measured behavioural patterns and attitudes in order to formulate the conclusions. The findings are that, in short, the recession has had an impact on everyday food purchasing and preparation and this is not only restricted to those trying to provision the household on a reduced budget. The research shows that price has become the number one consideration when choosing a retail outlet but not to the detriment of the nutritional value of the household shopping. There has been a return to traditional multi-outlet shopping. Home-cooking from scratch has shown an increase and this motif is underpinned by an increased purchase of base ingredients. The resurgence of home-cooking is replacing take-away food and eating out as a meal solution with the take-away now being used primarily as a luxury or treat. In conclusion, people have developed a strategic approach to purchasing aimed at maintaining the nutritional value of the domestic grocery trolley with the most influential factor being a desire for good quality food at an affordable price

Alternative Methods to Traditional Written Exam-Based Assessment

Donnelly and Fitzmaurice (2005, p.14) suggest that “assessment methods should be in accord with the learning outcomes of the module and should foster a deep approach to learning”. While unseen written exams do develop skills such as “examination techniques, writing under pressure, recall” (Smyth, 2004), there are a number of alternative assessment methods that determine what students actually understand and what they can do, in contrast to what they can recall. As one student noted “I hate to say it, but what you have got to do is to have a list of “facts” …you write down the important points and memorise those, then you\u27ll do all right in the test…if you can give a bit of factual information… “so and so did that, and concluded that” for two sides of writing, then you\u27ll get a good mark” (Comment from student in Ramsden, 1984, p.144). Many modules are reliant on the written exams for the majority of their assessment methods. Brown (1999, p.8) states “the range of ways that students are assessed is extremely limited with around 80% of assessment being in the form of exam, essay and reports of some kind”. Race (2001) agrees when he says that 90% of assessments are unseen examinations and essay/reports and such assessments promote surface learning. Having a depository of alternative methods of assessment facilitates learners with more opportunity to demonstrate their understanding, knowledge and skills (Ramsden, 2003). Additionally, having diverse methods of assessment can provide more inclusive approaches to assessment design. They provide a means of collecting valuable information and skills that cannot be solely assessed with the traditional written exam. Brown and Race (2013) convey that using a range of diverse methods means that students are assessed across a range of abilities and skills and that everyone has some opportunity to play to strengths. Although this project outlines challenges to implementing alternative assessment methods such as preparation, cost, and time among other factors, they provide more authentic learning approaches that focus on the quality of students’ performance as an individual and within a team. These alternative methods of assessment can deepen understanding, enhance the learning environment and provide students with real-life transferable skills for future employability

Packing polymorphism of dapivirine and its impact on the performance of a dapivirine-releasing silicone elastomer vaginal ring

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Intracellular delivery of peptide carriers, substrates and inhibitors

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How To Make a Brexit Christmas Pudding

n the 1920s, the London-based Empire Marketing Board devised a campaign to encourage the use of commodities from across the British empire. The idea had existed in embryonic form during the early 1920s, when the Australian Dried Fruits Board had the idea of creating a recipe that included their products and placing advertisements in the British press