13 research outputs found
Covid's impact on India's soft power in the Indo-Pacific
For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/Rani D. Mullen, associate professor of government at the College of William and Mary, explains that "America's partnership with India is based not only on the mutual strategic interest of countering China but also on the soft power element of shared democratic values.
Sa1039 USA Validated Computerized Psychometric Testing System for the Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy - at Last
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State, Security, and Economy in Afghanistan: Current Challenges, Possible Solutions
The analyses in this report recognize that although Afghanistan has made substantial progress since 2001 ¿ especially in building a functioning parliament, increasing health services, and education ¿ critical issues remain. Democratic political institutions from the national to the local level remain underdeveloped, local perceptions of insecurity have increased substantially, an insurgency is mounting, suicide attacks are increasing, narcotics production has skyrocketed in some provinces, infrastructure and human capital development have been slow, the international community lacks a clear and common vision for Afghanistan, and a balance has yet to be found between international involvement and Afghan ownership in the country¿s ongoing state- and security-building efforts. At the time of publication, Afghanistan stood at a critical juncture. This report addresses key issues related to security, development, economy, governance, rule of law, and regional relations critical to preventing a deterioration of progress that had been made and to continue positive development in the long term.Carnegie Corporation of New Yor
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Building State and Security in Afghanistan
Reprint of 2007 edition; distributed by Lynne Rienner Publishers: http://www.rienner.comBridging the pragmatic and the theoretical, leading scholars and policy analysts delve into the critical issues facing Afghanistan today. Their exploration of questions relating to security and peacekeeping, the rule of law, institutional design, mobilization of the economy, and relations within the region provides a crucial resource for understanding not only Afghanistan¿s prospects, but also the opportunities and constraints associated with state building more broadly.Carnegie Corporation of New Yor
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Petersberg Papers on Afghanistan and the Region
Since the 2001 Bonn Conference and the subsequent extensive international engagement in Afghanistan ¿ both military and civilian ¿much has changed and much has been achieved. Afghans can point to significant successes in their country, from health and education, to reconstruction and development of infrastructure. But since Bonn, the situation in Afghanistan in 2008-2009 is far from where many expected it to be. The London Compact of 2006 began the second phase in the reconstruction of Afghanistan, emphasizing security, governance and rule of law, and social and economic development. But since then, there has been a considerable decrease in security, an increase in Taliban presence and operations, an increase in civilian casualties, an increase in corruption, and no substantial reduction of the drug trade. The August 2009 presidential elections only intensified the discussions about the future of Afghanistan, the role of the international community. created a foundation for modern Afghanistan. This report considers these issues from domestic, regional, and international perspectives.Carnegie Corporation of New Yor
Fumigant Toxicity of Essential Oil from Carum Copticum Against Indian Meal Moth, Plodia Interpunctella
IL-4 enhances IL-10 production in Th1 cells: implications for Th1 and Th2 regulation
IL-10 is an immunomodulatory cytokine with a critical role in limiting inflammation in immune-mediated pathologies. The mechanisms leading to IL-10 expression by CD4+ T cells are being elucidated, with several cytokines implicated. We explored the effect of IL-4 on the natural phenomenon of IL-10 production by a chronically stimulated antigen-specific population of differentiated Th1 cells. In vitro, IL-4 blockade inhibited while addition of exogenous IL-4 to Th1 cultures enhanced IL-10 production. In the in vivo setting of peptide immunotherapy leading to a chronically stimulated Th1 phenotype, lack of IL-4Rα inhibited the induction of IL-10. Exploring the interplay of Th1 and Th2 cells through co-culture, Th2-derived IL-4 promoted IL-10 expression by Th1 cultures, reducing their pathogenicity in vivo. Co-culture led to upregulated c-Maf expression with no decrease in the proportion of T-bet+ cells in these cultures. Addition of IL-4 also reduced the encephalitogenic capacity of Th1 cultures. These data demonstrate that IL-4 contributes to IL-10 production and that Th2 cells modulate Th1 cultures towards a self-regulatory phenotype, contributing to the cross-regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells. These findings are important in the context of Th1 driven diseases since they reveal how the Th1 phenotype and function can be modulated by IL-4