3 research outputs found
A qualitative assessment of barriers and facilitators to implementing recommended infant nutrition practices in Mumbai, India
Background: Childhood malnutrition has been a longstanding crisis in
Mumbai, India. Despite national IYCF (Infant Young Child Feeding)
guidelines to promote best practices for infant/toddler feeding, nearly
one-third of children under age five are stunted or underweight. To
improve child nutrition, interventions should address the cultural,
social, and environmental influences on infant feeding practices. This
study is an in-depth qualitative assessment of family barriers and
facilitators to implementing recommended nutrition practices in two
Mumbai slum communities, within the context of an existing nutrition
education-based intervention by a local non-governmental non-profit
organization. Methods: The population was purposively sampled to
represent a variety of household demographics. Data were collected
through 33 in-depth semi-structured interviews with caregivers (mothers
and paternal grandmothers) of children age 0\u20132 years. Transcripts
were translated and transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative
analysis procedures and software. Results: A complex set of barriers
and facilitators influence mothers\u2019/caregivers\u2019
infant-toddler feeding practices. Most infants were fed complementary
foods and non-nutritious processed snacks, counter to IYCF
recommendations. Key barriers included: lack of nutrition knowledge and
experience, receiving conflicting messages from different sources,
limited social support, and poor self-efficacy for maternal
decision-making. Key facilitators included: professional nutrition
guidance, personal self-efficacy and empowerment, and family support.
Interventions to improve child nutrition should address
mothers\u2019/caregivers\u2019 key barriers and facilitators to
recommended infant-toddler feeding practices. Conclusions: Nutrition
interventions should prioritize standard messaging across healthcare
providers, engage all family members, target prevention of early
introduction of sugary and non-nutritious processed foods, and
strengthen maternal self-efficacy for following IYCF recommended
guidelines
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A qualitative assessment of barriers and facilitators to implementing recommended infant nutrition practices in Mumbai, India
Background: Childhood malnutrition has been a longstanding crisis in
Mumbai, India. Despite national IYCF (Infant Young Child Feeding)
guidelines to promote best practices for infant/toddler feeding, nearly
one-third of children under age five are stunted or underweight. To
improve child nutrition, interventions should address the cultural,
social, and environmental influences on infant feeding practices. This
study is an in-depth qualitative assessment of family barriers and
facilitators to implementing recommended nutrition practices in two
Mumbai slum communities, within the context of an existing nutrition
education-based intervention by a local non-governmental non-profit
organization. Methods: The population was purposively sampled to
represent a variety of household demographics. Data were collected
through 33 in-depth semi-structured interviews with caregivers (mothers
and paternal grandmothers) of children age 0\u20132 years. Transcripts
were translated and transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative
analysis procedures and software. Results: A complex set of barriers
and facilitators influence mothers\u2019/caregivers\u2019
infant-toddler feeding practices. Most infants were fed complementary
foods and non-nutritious processed snacks, counter to IYCF
recommendations. Key barriers included: lack of nutrition knowledge and
experience, receiving conflicting messages from different sources,
limited social support, and poor self-efficacy for maternal
decision-making. Key facilitators included: professional nutrition
guidance, personal self-efficacy and empowerment, and family support.
Interventions to improve child nutrition should address
mothers\u2019/caregivers\u2019 key barriers and facilitators to
recommended infant-toddler feeding practices. Conclusions: Nutrition
interventions should prioritize standard messaging across healthcare
providers, engage all family members, target prevention of early
introduction of sugary and non-nutritious processed foods, and
strengthen maternal self-efficacy for following IYCF recommended
guidelines
Early Childhood Junk Food Consumption, Severe Dental Caries, and Undernutrition: A Mixed-Methods Study from Mumbai, India
In India, globalization has caused a nutrition transition from home-cooked foods to processed sugary snacks and drinks, contributing to increased early childhood caries (ECC). This mixed-methods study describes risk factors for ECC and associations with undernutrition in low-income communities in Mumbai. Interviews with mothers of 959 children, ages six-months through six-years, addressed maternal-child nutrition and oral health, and children received dental exams and anthropometric assessments. Focus groups with community health workers and mothers explored experiences and perceptions of oral health, nutrition, and ECC. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses of quantitative data, and content analysis of qualitative data were performed. Eighty percent of children lived 5 min from a junk-food store, over 50% consumed junk-food and sugary tea daily, 50% experienced ECC, 19% had severe deep tooth decay, 27% experienced mouth pain, and 56% experienced chronic and/or acute malnutrition. In children ages 3–6, each additional tooth with deep decay was associated with increased odds of undernutrition (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.10, Confidence Interval [CI] 1.02–1.21). Focus groups identified the junk-food environment, busy family life, and limited dental care as contributors to ECC. Policy interventions include limits on junk-food marketing and incorporating oral health services and counseling on junk-food/sugary drinks into maternal–child health programs