Initial consolidation of financial statements of Russian companies: Actual issues

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London.Consolidation of financial statements is a complex process of preparing a report on the overall financial performance of group of companies. We described terminological differences between IFRS and Russian accounting practices, including “financial statements”, “subsidiary”, and “non-controlling interest” terms. We studied different approaches to the goodwill calculation, used by Russian companies. In this study, we described actual issues of investment in subsidiary cancelation, the evaluation of the identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in the initial consolidation of financial statements of Russian companies

Financial statements as an information base for the analysis and management decisions

The processes and events taking place in an organization, and the results of financial and economic activity are represented by a variety of information which in turn in the aggregate forms an information base for analysis. The leading place among the information needed for the analysis is taken by accounting data and financial reports of the company to which, in turn, increased requirements are applied at the present stage of improvement accounts and records. However, the data of financial statements of Russian companies for a number of years, as a rule, are not comparable due to the frequent changes in accounting policy caused by changes in legislation, registration forms, as well as failing to take inflation into account. The main reasons for the low demand for accounting data for managerial purposes are that in most cases they were incomplete, and also financial statements were low reliable. We have selected two groups of respondents for their study the first of them consists of the heads of Russian companies reporting under RAS (Russian Accounting Standards), and the second of CEOs of the companies that prepare financial statements both under RAS and IFRS. Based on the survey, we found that the companies preparing the statements both in accordance with RAS and IFRS, have more accurate figures of financial statements than the companies that use RAS. We have found that financial statements data are more in demand to external users than the internal ones, and the reason for this is the lack for external users of other sources of information, while internal users use all possible sources of additional information about the property and financial condition of an enterprise

Financial statements as an information base for the analysis and management decisions

The processes and events taking place in an organization, and the results of financial and economic activity are represented by a variety of information which in turn in the aggregate forms an information base for analysis. The leading place among the information needed for the analysis is taken by accounting data and financial reports of the company to which, in turn, increased requirements are applied at the present stage of improvement accounts and records. However, the data of financial statements of Russian companies for a number of years, as a rule, are not comparable due to the frequent changes in accounting policy caused by changes in legislation, registration forms, as well as failing to take inflation into account. The main reasons for the low demand for accounting data for managerial purposes are that in most cases they were incomplete, and also financial statements were low reliable. We have selected two groups of respondents for their study the first of them consists of the heads of Russian companies reporting under RAS (Russian Accounting Standards), and the second of CEOs of the companies that prepare financial statements both under RAS and IFRS. Based on the survey, we found that the companies preparing the statements both in accordance with RAS and IFRS, have more accurate figures of financial statements than the companies that use RAS. We have found that financial statements data are more in demand to external users than the internal ones, and the reason for this is the lack for external users of other sources of information, while internal users use all possible sources of additional information about the property and financial condition of an enterprise

Application of neural networks for the diagnosis of depth sucker rod pumps

© Research India Publications. One of the most common methods of artificial oil extraction is the use of depth sucker rod pumps. An effective way to diagnose the state of deep pumping equipment is to measure changes of load on the rod of a pumping unit and the analysis of a dynamometer. This method allows you to monitor the status of a depth sucker rod pump without its lifting to the surface. The drawing up of a conclusion according to the dynamometer - is the most important stage of the whole study, as on the basis of it the nature of an underground repair is determined. Considering the high cost of hoisting operations, an incorrectly assigned repair or untimely assigned repair is a very expensive one. Neural networks are often used in the problems of pattern recognition. We propose a block diagram of an automated fault detection system for a depth sucker rod pump and the algorithm of its operation. In order to test the possibility of neural network use the software was developed based with perceptron and Hamming neural networ use. The programs based on neural networks successfully coped with the task of pattern recognition. The use of an automated system based on neural networks will allow us to respond promptly to the changes in the underground equipment operation, and to take timely decisions on repair or its replacement and, therefore, to improve the efficiency of oil production process

Additive scheme for calculation of solvation enthalpies of heterocyclic aromatic compounds. Sublimation/vaporization enthalpy at 298.15 K

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Hereby we propose a method for determination of vaporization and sublimation enthalpies of heterocyclic and carbonyl-containing aromatic compounds at 298.15 K. According to this method vaporization and sublimation enthalpies at 298.15 K are determined based on enthalpies of solvation and solution. Solvation enthalpies of heteroatomatic and carbonyl-containing compounds are calculated using an additive scheme from the solvation enthalpy of closest aromatic hydrocarbon and contributions related to the exchange of CH-groups of hydrocarbon with corresponding substituent atoms or groups. Measured solution enthalpies together with calculated solvation enthalpies allowed to calculate corresponding vaporization and sublimation enthalpies at 298.15 K for a large number of heterocyclic and carbonyl-containing compounds. We have also found that in a number of cases instead of solution enthalpy in benzene at 298.15 K fusion enthalpy at the melting temperature can be used. Comparison between literature data and calculated vaporization and sublimation enthalpies demonstrates satisfactory performance of the proposed method

DIAGNOSTICS OF THE STRUCTURE IN TRANSITION LAYER OF THE BIMETALLIC SYSTEM “STEEL-CAST IRON”

The results of metallographic examinations of the transition layer of the bimetallic system «steel-cast-iron» on the example of the valve tappet of the internal combustion engine of the «KAMAZ» vehicle are given. It has been established that in the induction welding of cast iron bimetallic products of the system «steel-cast iron» have a qualitatively defect-free connection at a thickness of the transition layer up to 40 mkm.Приведены результаты металлографических исследований переходного слоя биметаллической системы «сталь–чугун» на примере толкателя клапана двигателя внутреннего сгорания автомобиля «КамАЗ». Установлено, что при индукционной наплавке чугуна биметаллические изделия системы «сталь–чугун» имеет качественное бездефектное соединение при толщине переходного слоя до 40 мкм

Enthalpies of solution, enthalpies of fusion and enthalpies of solvation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons: Instruments for determination of sublimation enthalpy at 298.15K

© 2015. In this work a simple method for calculation of solvation enthalpies of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various solvents at 298.15. K was proposed. According to this method the enthalpy of solvation of any polyaromatic hydrocarbon in a particular solvent can be calculated on the basis of the general formula of the compound, the solvation enthalpy of benzene in the same solvent and parameter related to the contribution of hydrogen atom into solvation enthalpy. The validity of the proposed method was confirmed by the comparison of calculated and experimentally measured values of solvation enthalpies of PAHs in benzene, tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile. This method was used for determination of the sublimation enthalpy of PAHs at 298.15. K based on the general relationship between the enthalpy of sublimation/vaporization of the compound of interest and its enthalpies of solution and solvation in the same solvent at 298.15. K. Enthalpies of solution at infinite dilution of several PAHs were measured in acetonitrile, benzene and tetrahydrofuran at 298.15. K. It was shown that solution enthalpies of PAHs in benzene at 298.15. K are approximately equal to their fusion enthalpies at the melting temperature. Solvation enthalpies of 15 PAHs at 298.15. K calculated according to the proposed method together with corresponding fusion enthalpy values (at the melting temperature) were used to calculate the sublimation enthalpy values at 298.15. K. Comparison of the obtained results with recommended values of sublimation enthalpy shows that fusion enthalpies at the melting temperature can be used instead of the solution enthalpies in benzene at 298.15. K for calculation of the sublimation enthalpy at 298.15. K

Food Security Is the Main Socio-Economic Issue in Developing Countries

The article reflects the importance of ensuring food security in developing countries, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia. Despite the ongoing measures to eradicate hunger, this is still the main socio-economic problem for many states from these regions of the world.В статье отражена важность обеспечения продовольственной безопасности в развивающихся странах, особенно в странах Африки и Юго-Восточной Азии. Несмотря на проводимые мероприятия по искоренению голода по-прежнему это главная социально-экономическая проблема для многих государств из этих регионов мира

Enthalpies of fusion and enthalpies of solvation of aromatic hydrocarbons derivatives: Estimation of sublimation enthalpies at 298.15 K

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Enthalpy of sublimation of solid compound can be found using the values of solution enthalpy and solvation enthalpy in any solvent. In this work enthalpies of solution at infinite dilution of a number of aromatic hydrocarbons derivatives in benzene were measured at 298.15 K. Comparison between experimental and literature solution enthalpies in benzene at 298.15 K and fusion enthalpies at melting temperature of aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives showed, that these values are approximately equal. Thereby, fusion enthalpies at melting temperature can be used instead of their solution enthalpies in benzene at 298.15 K for calculation of sublimation enthalpies at 298.15 K. Solvation enthalpies in benzene at 298.15 K required for this procedure were calculated using group additivity scheme. The sublimation enthalpies of 80 aromatic hydrocarbons derivatives at 298.15 K were evaluated as a difference between fusion enthalpies at melting temperature and solvation enthalpies in benzene at 298.15 K. Obtained in this work values of sublimation enthalpy at 298.15 K for studied compounds were in a good agreement with available literature data

Study of ceramics color development on the basis of Nizhneuvelsky kaolin clay

© 2018 BRNSS Publication Hub. All rights reserved. Aim: They analyzed the influence of iron-containing phases on the ceramics color development made of Kaolin clay of Nizhneuvelsky deposit. Materials and Methods: The result of the complex application of modern study methods - thermal, electron microscopic, radiographic, Mossbauer, optical - it was established that the change of kaolin clay calcination temperature from 1000°C to 1200°C leads to the increase of L* luminance from 75 to 79 NBS units (National Bureau of Standards, USA), which correlates with the analysis of Mössbauer spectra, reflecting the decrease of the strongly staining phase of hematite. The crystallization of the mullite mineral is the consequence of ceramics clarification process based on Kaolin clay with the calcination temperature increase from 1000°C to 1200°C. Results: It was found that the absorption bands in the calcined clay of the Nizhneuvelsk deposit with the wavelengths of 432 and 480 nm, baked at 1000°C, are associated with spin-forbidden transitions 6A1 (6S) →4A14E (4G) in Fe3+ ions that have an octahedral environment. Conclusion: It was found that Fe3+ ions could produce the absorption lines at the wavelengths of 432 and 480 nm, only being in the structure of mullite. At 1200°C, the partial amorphization of the mineral composition of clay takes place, which leads to the averaging and broadening of the absorption band in the area of 400–550 nm