General principles relied on by the scholars towards modern developments: An analytical study.

This research deals with the general principles on jurisprudence of developments, through which we can reach to the provisions of all the emerging issues. The problem of not referring to the knowledge of the provisions of these developments to the origin of each updated issue, but mostly just mentioning the emerging issue with its modern terminologies is what makes it difficult for people to understand and know the rule of the issue; Some of these principles are agreed upon such as the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah, whereas some are not agreed upon such as Istishab and Istihsan etc. This study focuses on how to refer to these principles for the sake of ijtihad on new developments, because the ijtihad that is complete and has the necessary available conditions and moves to manage the issue sought to find its provisions can then search the suitable Shariah provision by referring to the original evidence (the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah), and evidence of dependency such as Ijma’i (Consensus), Qiyas (analogy), al-urf (custom) and a’dah. The researcher will try to focus on the aspects of response to these principles to know the provisions of the new developments. The research adopts inductive approach to try to gather religious texts, views and fatwas on the issue by focusing on the ancient books of Islamic jurisprudence by following the four Imams and arranging their views, and then mentions the views of the contemporary jurists on the new emerging issue and their preference on the issue. The study reached to a number of results, the most important of which the scholars explained and divided them based on essential, complementary and embellishments because of their importance in deducing provisions especially in contemporary emerging issues by making analogy and explanation where there is lack of explicit evidence on the emerging issue

Rules of anatomy in Islamic law

This article talks about anatomy in Islamic law. Anatomy has become widespread in many hospitals for various purposes. It is very necessary in our time, especially the educative anatomy that teaches doctors parts of human body to help them in treating people. Criminal anatomy is also important to know how someone has been killed; it is very important as through it innocence and guilt could be established. Pathology is very essential as well, to know the types of sickness that affect human which can be avoided by knowing it. The problem is that we must know the rule of shariah regarding anatomy and its classifications, and to know the rule of buying corpse for the purposes of anatomy. I have adopted inductive and analytical approach to highlight the view of the jurists on that issue and the conditions that must be observed on the anatomy of corpse. The most important results we reached are: Among the most important principles by Islam is the inviolability of human, his blood and body, and they cannot be exposed except by a reason of the shariah, and that human must be respected and that tempering with his body with something unbeneficial must be avoided

1919 ةدهاعمل ًاقفو ةيعامجلا ةدابلإا ةميرج باكترا نع درفلل ةيلودلا ةيئانجلا ةيلوؤسملا

هذه تطلسف ةيعامجلا ةدابلإا ةميرج اهنمو ةيناسنلإا دض مئارج باكتراب همايق دنع درفلل ةيئانجلا ةيلوئسملا ةساردلا هذه تلوانت نوناقلا دعاوقب مازتللااو ةيلوؤسملا نع ًاديعب يديلقتلا درفلا لظ ثيح رصاعملا يلودلا نوناقلا يف درفلا زكرم ىلع ءوضلا ةساردلا يلودلا نوناقلا دعاوقو ماكحأب بطاخت يتلا يه طقف لودلا تناك ثيح ،هماكحلأ عوضخلاب ريخلأا اذه فارتعا مدعل ًارظن يلودلا ةدهاعمل ًاقفو ةيلودلا ةيئانجلا ةيلوئسملا ةساردلا هذه تلوانت امك يضاقتلل مهتيلهأ و مهتابجاوو دارفلأا قوقح ةساردلا هذه تلوانتف صاخشلأا ميدقت يف ةنواعتملاو ةفلاحتملا لودلا قحب ةينامللأا ةموكحلا فرتعت ( هنأ ىلع ةدهاعملا نم 228 ةداملا صنت ثيح ياسرف نوناقلا هيلع صني ام عيقوت متي فوس هنأو ،ةيركسع مكاحم مامأ لوثملل برحلا فارعأو نيناوقل ةفلاخملاب ًلااعفأ مهباكتراب نيمهتملا نع ةيئانجلا تاعامجلاو دارفلأا ةيلوؤسم ديدحت ةساردلا هذه فادهأ نمو .) مهتنادإ ةلاح يف صاخشلأا ءلاؤه ىلع تابوقع نم عوضوملاب ةقلعتملا ثادحلأا درسو يضاملا ىلإ عوجرلاب كلذو يخيراتلا جهنملا عابتإ مت دقو مهلبق نم بكترت يتلا ةيلودلا لاعفلأا بولطملا صخشلا ىلع ضبقلا ةيناكمإ مدع اهمهأ نم جئاتن ةدع ىلإ ةساردلا هذه يف لصوتلا مت امك ًاديج ًامهف عوضوملا مهف متي ىتح هذه نم حضتاو ايئانج هتلئاسم ىلع ةردقلا مدع يلاتلابو كلذ ىلع لدأ ةيلودلا دهاوشلاو ةيناسنلإا دض مئارج باكتراب مهتملاو ًايلود.ةيسايس ًافادهأ اوققحي يكل ةلادعلا زومر لامعتسا اودمعت لب ةلادعلا قيقحت سيل ءافلحلا اياون نأ ًاضيأ ةساردل

The reality, provisions and conditions of Aqilah

There have been many accidents which result in deaths due to motor accidents which is the majority or hunting or Jihad or other things that result in crime. We find that a lot of people are unaware of the provisions of manslaughter and that the blood money is paid by Aqilah and this is something unknown to some people. Thus, I explained the reality of Aqilah and the important issues that may be hidden to many people. And here lies the importance of this research, and also to know its provisions and conditions through the extrapolation of the views of the four Schools, and to analyse, discuss and clarify the points of agreement and disagreement between them. Moreover, it looked into the views of contemporary scholars to choose the provisions that fit the development of the current era. Through the study, we reached to some important results, most important of which if the offender has no Aqilah, or he has but the Aqilah is unable to pay the blood money (diyyah) for him, it should be paid from the Baitulmal or its representative

Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Motivasi Terhadap Kepatuhan Dokter dalam Penulisan Diagnosis pada Resume Medis di RS Zahirah 2018

ABSTRAK Penulisan diagnosis pada resume medis merupakan tanggung jawab dokter penanggung jawab pasien (DPJP), untuk kepentingan klaim BPJS. Hal ini berkaitan dengan kepatuhan dokter dalam penulisan diagnosis pada resume medis. Pengetahuan, sikap, dan motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kepetuhan dokter dalam penulisan diagnosis pada resume medis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan, sikap, dan motivasi baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap kepatuhan dokter dalam penulisan diagnosis pada resume medis di RS Zahirah pada tahun 2018. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif analitik, dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan prospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan penulisan diagnosis pada resume medis pasien (p value 0,091; R2 0,113). Namun, sikap dan motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan penulisan diagnosis pada resume medis pasien (p value 0,000 dan 0,000; R2 0,562 dan 0,574). Pengetahuan, sikap dan motivasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan (p value 0,000; R2 0,679).RS Zahirah sebaiknya terus mendukung lingkungan kerja di rumah sakit tersebut sehingga kepatuhan dokter dalam menulis diagnosis penyakit pada resume medis pasien meningkat. Dokter di RS Zahirah sebaiknya dapat menulis diagnosis penyakit pada resume medis dengan tepat waktu

التطور التاريخي لاستخدام القوة عبر العصور لدى الأمم = The historical development for use of force

This study tackles the historical development for force use since the ancient time, to the time it was taken into account and organized in the Charter of the United Nations. The research problem was represented by the over-use of power from the ancient times until our time. The historical approach was adopted; that is by referring to the past we can understand the present. The objective of this paper is to state the phases the organization of this power passed through, and how countries used to deal with those who use power. The result reached at is that the ancient societies with whatever civilizational development they had used to resort to the means of violence and power for simple reasons, and that the most significant reasons for originating that conflict and clash were the absence of communication between these societies and the difference of the cultural and intellectual development among them, and also the pursuit of trade and water resources and other resources which legalize possessing all properties the other used to have. ********************************************************* Kajian ini menyentuh tentang penggunaan kekerasan sepanjang sejarah sehingga ia dibincangkan dan disusun melalui Piagam Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu. Permasalahan kajian menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan kekerasan banyak berlaku pada zaman lampau sehingga ke hari ini. Makalah ini menggunakan metode persejarahan dengan merujuk kepada peristiwa zaman lampau bagi memahami peristiwa masa kini. Objektif makalah ini ialah bagi menerangkan tentang fasa-fasa yang dilalui oleh proses penyusunan piagam berkaitan penggunaan kekerasan, dan bagaimana negara-negara terlibat berinteraksi dan menghadapi pihak yang menggunakan kekerasan. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahawa masyarakat lampau, tidak kira tahap tamadun yang dicapai, mereka tetap menggunakan kekerasan dan tindakan ganas meskipun hanya kerana sebab yang amat remeh. Tulisan ini juga menyimpulkan bahawa faktor paling ketara kepada tercetusnya pertelingkahan dan perselisihan ialah kerana ketiadaan komunikasi antara masyarakat dan perbezaan perkembangan kebudayaan dan pemikiran di antara pihak-pihak yang terlibat, juga demi kerana perdagangan dan bagi mendapatkan sumber air dan lain-lain yang boleh diperoleh daripada pihak yang mengalami kekalahan

Rights of the accused in the Islamic legislation: a comparative and analytical study

This study aims to shed light on the extent to which the accused’s right in Islamic jurisprudence is in harmony with the conventional law. The accused may be exposed to some harmful acts during his trial which may entirely affect his rights which will give him the entitlement to defend himself. The researcher pays attention to explaining the rights of the accused person in Islamic jurisprudence compared to the conventional law. The study adopts inductive approach to gather information written in Islamic jurisprudence, and adopts comparative approach in order to make comparisons between the views of ancient and contemporary jurists in question under discussion, and transfer ideas of Shariah experts to the legal studies field in order to compare the approach and benefit and vice versa. The study concludes that the conventional law does not differ much from the Islamic jurisprudence in terms of providing personal rights to the accused; both Islamic jurisprudence and conventional law agree on the principle that the accused is innocent until proven guilty

Efektivitas Komunikasi Politik PPP Dalam Menjalin Hubungan Dengan Konstituen Di Kota Medan

Hubungan dengan konstituen merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam tugas seorang legislator, namun ia penting karena alasan dan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi konstituen, legislator, partai politik dan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Kontak langsung antara legislator dan warga negara dapat membangun kepercayaan publik kepada legislator dan lembaga legislatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis komunikasi politik yang dilakukan PPP dalam menjalin hubungan dengan konstituen di kota Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Waktu penelitian dilakukan selama tiga bulan mulai Desember 2019 hingga Februari 2020 yang berlokasi di kota Medan. Sumber data diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Wawancara dengan informan penelitian yaitu terdiri dari anggota DPRD Medan periode 2014-2019, Ketua-Ketua Pimpinan Anak Cabang (PAC), sekretaris Dewan Pimpinan Cabang (DPC) Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP), kemudian juga sumber data dipilih secara purposive sampling dari para narasumber. Teknik analisis data dengan reduksi data dan verifikasi. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan teori komunikasi interpersonal dalam menjalin hubungan dengan bentuk komunikasi langsung dan tatap muka. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa komunikasi politik yang dilakukan PPP diawali dengan bentuk komunikasi yang terdiri dari identifikasi, legitimasi, partisipasi, penetrasi dan distribusi kemudian dengan tahapan perencanaan komunikasi yaitu mengedepankan nilai-nilai Islam, merangkul tokoh-tokoh agama dan dengan marketing politik