ARSH-FATI a novel metaheuristic for cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks

IEEE Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of sensor nodes distributed over a certain target area. The WSN plays a vital role in surveillance, advanced healthcare, and commercialized industrial automation. Enhancing energy-efficiency of the WSN is a prime concern because higher energy consumption restricts the lifetime (LT) of the network. Clustering is a powerful technique widely adopted to increase LT of the network and reduce the transmission energy consumption. In this article (LT) we develop a novel ARSH-FATI-based Cluster Head Selection (ARSH-FATI-CHS) algorithm integrated with a heuristic called novel ranked-based clustering (NRC) to reduce the communication energy consumption of the sensor nodes while efficiently enhancing LT of the network. Unlike other population-based algorithms ARSH-FATI-CHS dynamically switches between exploration and exploitation of the search process during run-time to achieve higher performance trade-off and significantly increase LT of the network. ARSH-FATI-CHS considers the residual energy, communication distance parameters, and workload during cluster heads (CHs) selection. We simulate our proposed ARSH-FATI-CHS and generate various results to determine the performance of the WSN in terms of LT. We compare our results with state-of-the-art particle swarm optimization (PSO) and prove that ARSH-FATI-CHS approach improves the LT of the network by $\sim \text{25}\%$

ARSH-FATI a Novel Metaheuristic for Cluster Head Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of sensor nodes distributed over a certain target area. The WSN plays a vital role in surveillance, advanced healthcare, and commercialized industrial automation. Enhancing energy-efficiency of the WSN is a prime concern because higher energy consumption restricts the lifetime (LT) of the network. Clustering is a powerful technique widely adopted to increase LT of the network and reduce the transmission energy consumption. In this article (LT) we develop a novel ARSH-FATI-based Cluster Head Selection (ARSH-FATI-CHS) algorithm integrated with a heuristic called novel ranked-based clustering (NRC) to reduce the communication energy consumption of the sensor nodes while efficiently enhancing LT of the network. Unlike other population-based algorithms ARSH-FATI-CHS dynamically switches between exploration and exploitation of the search process during run-time to achieve higher performance trade-off and significantly increase LT of the network. ARSH-FATI-CHS considers the residual energy, communication distance parameters, and workload during cluster heads (CHs) selection. We simulate our proposed ARSH-FATI-CHS and generate various results to determine the performance of the WSN in terms of LT. We compare our results with state-of-the-art particle swarm optimization (PSO) and prove that ARSH-FATI-CHS approach improves the LT of the network by ∼25%

Surface Roughness Modulates Diffusion and Fibrillation of Amyloid‑β Peptide

The presence of surfaces influences the kinetics of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide fibrillation. Although it has been generally recognized that the fibrillation process can be assisted or accelerated by surface chemistry, the impact of surface topography, i.e., roughness, on peptide fibrillation is relatively little understood. Here we study the role of surface roughness on surface-mediated fibrillation using polymer coatings of varying roughness as well as polymer microparticles. Using single-molecule tracking, atomic force microscopy, and the thioflavin T fluorescence technique, we show that a rough surface decelerates the two-dimensional (2D) diffusion of peptides and retards the surface-mediated fibrillation. A higher degree of roughness that presents an obstacle to peptide diffusion is found to inhibit the fibrillation process

Surface Roughness Modulates Diffusion and Fibrillation of Amyloid‑β Peptide

The presence of surfaces influences the kinetics of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide fibrillation. Although it has been generally recognized that the fibrillation process can be assisted or accelerated by surface chemistry, the impact of surface topography, i.e., roughness, on peptide fibrillation is relatively little understood. Here we study the role of surface roughness on surface-mediated fibrillation using polymer coatings of varying roughness as well as polymer microparticles. Using single-molecule tracking, atomic force microscopy, and the thioflavin T fluorescence technique, we show that a rough surface decelerates the two-dimensional (2D) diffusion of peptides and retards the surface-mediated fibrillation. A higher degree of roughness that presents an obstacle to peptide diffusion is found to inhibit the fibrillation process

Surface Roughness Modulates Diffusion and Fibrillation of Amyloid‑β Peptide

The presence of surfaces influences the kinetics of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide fibrillation. Although it has been generally recognized that the fibrillation process can be assisted or accelerated by surface chemistry, the impact of surface topography, i.e., roughness, on peptide fibrillation is relatively little understood. Here we study the role of surface roughness on surface-mediated fibrillation using polymer coatings of varying roughness as well as polymer microparticles. Using single-molecule tracking, atomic force microscopy, and the thioflavin T fluorescence technique, we show that a rough surface decelerates the two-dimensional (2D) diffusion of peptides and retards the surface-mediated fibrillation. A higher degree of roughness that presents an obstacle to peptide diffusion is found to inhibit the fibrillation process

Regulation of Drug Release by Tuning Surface Textures of Biodegradable Polymer Microparticles

Generally, size, uniformity, shape, and surface chemistry of biodegradable polymer particles will significantly affect the drug-release behavior in vitro and in vivo. In this study, uniform poly­(d,l-lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolide) (PLGA) and PLGA-<i>b</i>-poly­(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-<i>b</i>-PEG) microparticles with tunable surface textures were generated by combining the interfacial instabilities of emulsion droplet and polymer-blending strategy. Monodisperse emulsion droplets containing polymers were generated through the microfluidic flow-focusing technique. The removal of organic solvent from the droplets triggered the interfacial instabilities (spontaneous increase in interfacial area), leading to the formation of uniform polymer particles with textured surfaces. With the introduction of homopolymer PLGA to PLGA-<i>b</i>-PEG, the hydrophobicity of the polymer system was tailored, and a qualitatively different interfacial behavior of the emulsion droplets during solvent removal was observed. Uniform polymer particles with tunable surface roughness were thus generated by changing the ratio of PLGA-<i>b</i>-PEG in the polymer blends. More interestingly, surface textures of the particles determined the drug-loading efficiency and release kinetics of the encapsulated hydrophobic paclitaxel, which followed a diffusion-directed drug-release pattern. The polymer particles with different surface textures demonstrated good cell viability and biocompatibility, indicating the promising role of the particles in the fields of drug or gene delivery for tumor therapy, vaccines, biodiagnostics, and bioimaging

Surface Roughness Modulates Diffusion and Fibrillation of Amyloid‑β Peptide

The presence of surfaces influences the kinetics of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide fibrillation. Although it has been generally recognized that the fibrillation process can be assisted or accelerated by surface chemistry, the impact of surface topography, i.e., roughness, on peptide fibrillation is relatively little understood. Here we study the role of surface roughness on surface-mediated fibrillation using polymer coatings of varying roughness as well as polymer microparticles. Using single-molecule tracking, atomic force microscopy, and the thioflavin T fluorescence technique, we show that a rough surface decelerates the two-dimensional (2D) diffusion of peptides and retards the surface-mediated fibrillation. A higher degree of roughness that presents an obstacle to peptide diffusion is found to inhibit the fibrillation process