Towards Social Autonomous Vehicles: Efficient Collision Avoidance Scheme Using Richardson's Arms Race Model

Background Road collisions and casualties pose a serious threat to commuters around the globe. Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) aim to make the use of technology to reduce the road accidents. However, the most of research work in the context of collision avoidance has been performed to address, separately, the rear end, front end and lateral collisions in less congested and with high inter-vehicular distances. Purpose The goal of this paper is to introduce the concept of a social agent, which interact with other AVs in social manners like humans are social having the capability of predicting intentions, i.e. mentalizing and copying the actions of each other, i.e. mirroring. The proposed social agent is based on a human-brain inspired mentalizing and mirroring capabilities and has been modelled for collision detection and avoidance under congested urban road traffic. Method We designed our social agent having the capabilities of mentalizing and mirroring and for this purpose we utilized Exploratory Agent Based Modeling (EABM) level of Cognitive Agent Based Computing (CABC) framework proposed by Niazi and Hussain. Results Our simulation and practical experiments reveal that by embedding Richardson's arms race model within AVs, collisions can be avoided while travelling on congested urban roads in a flock like topologies. The performance of the proposed social agent has been compared at two different levels.Comment: 48 pages, 21 figure

THE USE OF QUESTION ANSWER-RELATIONSHIP (QAR) STRATEGY ON IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION AT SMAN 1 JATITUJUH

Abstract. The objectives of this research are to find out whether or not there is a significant of difference between the Reading Comprehension of the Twelfth Grade Students of SMAN 1 Jatitujuh taught before and after using the Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) strategy. The method in this study was quantitative. The subject of this research is students in XII MIPA 1. The research instrument used by the writer is a test (pre-test and post-test)  The result of this research, it was found that of the reading comprehension of the twelfth-grade students of SMAN 1 Jatitujuh before being taught by using QAR strategy was sufficient, the mean is 69.71. Meanwhile of the reading comprehension of the twelfth grade students of SMAN 1 Jatitujuh after being taught by QAR strategy was categorized good, the mean is 85. Moreover, the calculation of the t-count, the score is 11.867 was higher than t-table, score is 2.032 (11.867 > 2.032) in level significance 5%. Based on the result above, it could be concluded that Question Answer Relationship (QAR) strategy could improve reading comprehension of the twelfth grade students of SMAN 1 Jatitujuh. In addition, the subjects also responded positively the implementation of QAR strategy