Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in an Adult Urban Population of the West of Iran

Objectives. We determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in an urban population of Zanjan, a province located to the west of Tehran. Methods. Randomly selected adults >20 years were studied using stratified sampling. Target study sample was 2941 (1396 males and 1545 females). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using Adult Treatment Panel-III (ATP-III) guidelines when any three of the following were present: central obesity, raised triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, blood pressure ≥ 130/ ≥ 85 mm Hg, and diabetes or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 100 mg/dl. Results. Metabolic syndrome was present in 697 (23.7%) subjects (CI 95%:22%–25%, P = .001), prevalence was 23.1% in men and 24.4% in women (P : .4). The prevalence increased from 7.5% in the population younger than 30 y to 45.6% in ages more than 50 years. Low HDL was the most common metabolic abnormality in both sexes. Most of those with metabolic syndrome had three components of the syndrome (75.6%), 170 subjects (24.4%) had four and none had five components simultaneously. The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), hypercholesterolemia (≥200 mg/dl) and high LDL cholesterol (≥130 mg/dl) was greater in the metabolic syndrome group than normal subjects (P = .00). Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this urban population of the northern west of Iran. Focus of cardiovascular prevention should be undertaken in this area

Effects of lifestyle and genetic factors on the levels of serum adiponectin, a novel marker of the metabolic syndrome, in Finnish servicemen

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of disorders that increase one's risk for type 2 diabetes (DM2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both lifestyle and genetic factors have been established to be involved in the aetiology of MetS. Improving our knowledge about the pathophysiology of MetS could provide more effective therapeutic approaches and reduce the risk of developing DM2 and CVD. Lower levels of adiponectin, an adipose-derived protein, has been shown to be associated with the components of MetS. Common variants in a number of candidate genes related to MetS have been shown to be associated with changes in the serum adiponectin level. This study was designed to evaluate the putative effects of military lifestyle, as well as common polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and adiponectin (APM1) genes on serum adiponectin level in a cohort of Finnish servicemen. Results of this study have showed that serum adiponectin significantly decreased during the six-month follow up in military service compared to baseline levels. This decrease was even shown in subjects that experienced a 5-10 % weight loss after six-months. Subjects with the Ala12Ala genotype of PPARγ2 had significantly higher levels of serum adiponectin compared with subjects with the Pro12Ala and Pro12Pro genotypes. Subjects having the X12Ala genotype of PPARγ2 with > 10% weight reduction showed a significant increase in serum adiponectin compared to other groups during the follow up. Those having the Ala12Ala genotype of PPARγ2 + Gly972Gly genotype of IRS-1 combination had significantly higher adiponectin compared with subjects with the Pro12Pro + Gly972Gly and Pro12Ala + Gly972Gly genotype combinations. Adiponectin levels were significantly higher in men with the T276T genotype compared with subjects with the G276T or G276G genotypes of SNP+276 of the APM1 gene. In conclusion, this study shows a possible impact of a military lifestyle as well as, candidate gene variations, and their interactions upon the regulation of serum adiponectin levels as a marker of MetS. This study could serve as a pilot for the further extensive studies with longer follow up periods as well as more accurate information on specific lifestyle factors

THE EFFECT OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L. ETHANOL EXTRACTION ON THE PATHOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL INDEXES OF THE LIVER AND KIDNEY OF BROILERS REARED UNDER HEAT STRESS

ABSTRACT The use of compounds with antioxidant properties as a source of phelanoeid compounds is highly recommendable in the poultry industry. Therefore, the effect of Cichorium intybus L. herb on pathobiochemical indexes of chicken under heat stress was studied. After exposure to heat stress (from day 21 to day 42 of growth), hydroalcoholic extraction was provided to 270 broiler chicks randomly divided into six groups and placed in two distinct poultry houses (heat stress and normal conditions). The three groups were recipient group of Cichorium intybus L. (1); recipient group of vitamin C (2) and control group (3). The birds in one of the houses were exposed to heat stress conditions (35 °C for 8 hours) for a time period between 22 to 42 days and the birds in the other house were reared under normal conditions (20-22°C) for the same time period. Blood samples collected from the birds showed that Cichorium intybus L. herb caused significant decrease in uric acid, Triglyceride, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total body clearance factors (CL- factors) and right ventricular failure index (RVF) and significant increase in K+ under heat stress condition (p< 0.05). Vitamin C caused significant decrease in uric acid, ALT, CL- factors and RVF index and significant increase in K+ and Na+ under heat stress condition (p< 0.05). A significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride in recipient group of Cichorium intybus L was observed compared to the recipient group of vitamin C under heat stress condition (p< 0.05). In a pathologic examination normal observations were in recipient group of Cichorium intybus L and recipient group of vitamin C compared to the control group. According to this study, use of Cichorium intybus L extract and vitamin C in chicken under heat stress induced improvement in liver, kidney activity and fat metabolism

Effect of Thermocycling on Microleakage of Class V Resin Composite Restorations Bonded by Self and Total Etch Bondings

Introduction: Thermocycling is used in most invitro studies to produce conditions similar to clinical studies, but results about the effect and number of thermocycling cycles have been different in different studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on microleakage of self and total etch bondings in class V resin composite restorations. Methods: A total of 80 anterior bovine teeth were collected and class V cavities were prepared with incisal and gingival margins in enamel and dentin. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, prompt L-pop(PLP) and in second group, singlebond(SB) was applied and restored with Z250 resin composite. Each group was divided to four subgroups with zero, 500, 1000, 2500 cycles of thermocycling at 5-55° c. Then the teeth were sealed and immersed in 50% silver nitrate followed by a developer solution for 16 hours. Microleakage rate was evaluated by stereomicroscope with 25x magnification. Data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Results: Both SB and PLP groups showed microleakage. Statistical analysis showed significant difference between enamel and dentin margins of PLP group with 1000 cycles(p=0.02), 2500(p=0.014) and in SB with 2500 cycles P=0.046). Statistical analysis showed significant difference in incisal and cervical margins of SB and PLP groups (p=0.013) (p=0.001). Conclusion: Microleakage was seen in self etch and total etch bondings with minimum 1000 and 2500 cycles

Serum ferritin concentration in gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of subsequent development of early postpartum diabetes mellitus

Faranak Sharifi1, Amir Ziaee2, Abdolamir Feizi3, Nouraddin Mousavinasab1, Afagh Anjomshoaa1, Pooran Mokhtari41Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan; 2Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin; 3Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan; 4Vali-e-asr Hospital, Zanjan, IranPurpose: To compare the serum ferritin concentrations of normal pregnant women with those having gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to determine the possible role of ferritin in predicting pregnancy outcome and early development of postpartum glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus.Method: This case-control study consisted of 128 pregnant women (64 women with GDM and 64 age-matched healthy pregnant women) seen at a university hospital in Zanjan, Iran. Anthropometric measurements were determined, and serum ferritin, C-reactive protein, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and hemoglobin levels were measured. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded in all subjects. In the women with GDM, a diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test was performed eight weeks after delivery.Results: Women with GDM had a higher concentration of serum ferritin (112 &plusmn; 28.4 pmol/L in GDM versus 65 &plusmn; 16.9 pmol/L in controls, P&lt;0.001). A positive correlation was found between serum ferritin level and mid-pregnancy fasting plasma glucose and HbAlc levels. Although women in the highest quartile of serum ferritin had a greater than two-fold increased risk of GDM, no significant correlation was found between ferritin levels and early postpartum oral glucose tolerance test results.Conclusions: Elevated serum ferritin concentrations in mid-pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of GDM independent of C-reactive protein and body mass index. Ferritin levels in GDM cannot be used as an indicator to predict subsequent glucose concentration in early postpartum oral glucose tolerance test.Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus, ferritin, pregnancy outcome, diabetes mellitus, C-reactive protei