Doubling the Number of Connected Devices in Narrow-band Internet of Things while Maintaining System Performance: An STC-based Approach

Narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) method that was first launched by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) Rel- 13 with the purpose of enabling low-cost, low-power and wide-area cellular connection for the Internet of Things (IoT). As the demand for over-the-air services grows and with the number of linked wireless devices reaching 100 billion, wireless spectrum is becoming scarce, necessitating creative techniques that can increase the number of connected devices within a restricted spectral resource in order to satisfy service needs. Consequently, it is vital that academics develop efficient solutions to fulfill the quality of service (QoS) criteria of the NB-IoT in the context of 5th generation (5G) and beyond. This study paves the way for 5G networks and beyond to have increased capacity and data rate for NB-IoT. Whereas, this article suggests a method for increasing the number of connected devices by using a technique known as symbol time compression (STC). The suggested method compresses the occupied bandwidth of each device without increasing complexity, losing data throughput or bit error rate (BER) performance. The STC approach is proposed in the literature to work with the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to reduce bandwidth usage by 50% and improve the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Specifically, An STC-based method is proposed that exploits the unused bandwidth to double the number of connected devices while keeping system performance and complexity. Furthermore, the {\mu}-law companding technique is leveraged to reduce the PAPR of the transmitted signals. The obtained simulation results reveal that the proposed approach using the {\mu}-law companding technique increases the transmitted data by twice and reduces the PAPR by 3.22 dB while maintaining the same complexity and BER

Heteroaromatization with 4-phenyldiazenyl-1-naphthol. Part II: Synthesis of some new benzochromens, benzochromenopyrimidines, benzochromenotriazolopyrimidines, benzochromenopyrimidotriazepine and antimicrobial activities

Synthesis of several new of benzochromenes (4-7), benzochromenopyrimidines (8 and 9), 14-(4-chlorophenyl)-12-(phenyldiazenyl)-14H-benzo[7,8]chromeno[3,2-e][1, 2, 4]triazolo[1, 5-c]pyrimidines, 4-amino-16-(4-chlorophenyl)-14-(phenyldiazenyl)-16H-benzo[7', 8']chro-meno[2',3':4,5]pyrimido[1,6-b][1,2,4]triazepine-3-carbonitrile (10a-e, 13) and 9-(benz-ylideneamino)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(phenyldiazenyl)-7, 9-dihydro-8H-benzo[7,8]chromeno [2,3-d]pyrimidin-8-imine (12), form starting from 2-amino-4-(p-chlorophenyl)-6-phenyl-diazenyl-4H-benzochromene-3-carbonitrile (3). The structure of these new compounds was confirmed using IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR as well as MS spectroscopy. The structure activity relationship studies of the target compounds in agreement with the in vitro essays and confirmed higher potent antimicrobial activity against some of the tested microorganisms. The structure-activity relationship study revealed that the antimicrobial activity of benzochromenopyrimido triazepine nucleus was more beneficial than benzochromeno-triazolopyrimidine nucleus for antimicrobial activity

THE ETHICS OF ISLAMIC DA’WAH IN RELATING WITH NON-MUSLIMS(أخلاقيات الدعوة الإسلامية في التعامل مع غير المسلمين)

Powerful nations have resorted to the denial of their morals and do not abide by them, they legalize killings and treachery under the disguise of necessity and need, which serves to achieving their interests, and devoid of the standards of morality. Despite all that, they suspect Islamic da’wah of being spread by sword, that Muslims are morally unfair to non-Muslims, and that Islam persecutes Non-Muslims.The importance of this paper is to show the advancement of Islamic da’wah and its ethico-relation with non-Muslims; the people of the Book and others, in peace and war. The paper treats the Islamic da’wah ethics with non-Muslims through the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet S‘AW, and a glimpse of the rightly guided Khaliphs. The paper uses the descriptive analytical inductive method to prove that the world is in need of the ethics of da’wah to achieve security, moral progress, and material advancement. Islam is disapproves anyone who misbehaves in his dealing with Muslims and non-Muslims. Ethics is a social necessity that no society can survive without. The Islamic da’wah emphasizes that the ethics of Muslims are indivisible; morality is one unit in all heavenly messages. One cannot be loyal to a sect, and be betrayal to the others. When moralities are lacked and corrupted, the members of the society become disintegrated and disoriented; they can no longer live in harmony and peace, and they cannot build any civilization. Keywords: Ethics, Da’wah, Islam, Relationship, non-Muslims. ملخصالدول القوية تلجأ إلى نقض أخلاقها ولا تلتزم بها، فيبرورن القتل والغدر تحت مسمى الضرورة والحاجة، بما يتناسب مع تحقيق مصالحهم بعيدا عن معايير الأخلاق الحسنة، ومع ذلك يثيرون شبهات حول الدعوة الإسلامية في أنها انتشرت بالسيف وسوء اخلاق المسلمين مع غير المسلمين، وأن الإسلام يضطهد غير المسلمين. تبرز أهمية هذه الورقة في إظهار رقي الدعوة الإسلامية بأخلاقها وتعاملها مع غير المسلمين؛ من أهل الكتاب وغيرهم في السلم والحرب. فتعرض أخلاق الدعوة الإسلامية مع غير المسلمين من خلال القرآن والسنة النبوية ولمحة من عصر الخلفاء الراشدين وفق المنهج الوصفي الاستقرائي التحليلي، لتصل إلى أن العالم بحاجة الى أخلاق الدعوة حتى يتحقق له الأمن والرقي المعنوي مع الرقي المادي.إن الإسلام بريء من كل من يسيء الأخلاق في تعامله مع المسلمين وغير المسلمين. إن مكارم الأخلاق ضرورة اجتماعية لا يستطيع أي مجتمع أن يعيش بدونها. إن الدعوة الإسلامية تركز على أن أخلاقيات المسلم غير قابلة للتجزئة فالأخلاق وحدة واحدة في جميع الرسالات السماوية. لا يمكن لإنسان أن يكون وفيا أمينا مع جماعة، ويكون غادرا خائنا مع آخرين. عند فقد الأخلاق وفسادها يتفكك أفراد المجتمع ويتصارعون، فلا يمكن لهم العيش في أمن وسلام ولا يستطيعون بناء حضارة.كلمات مفتاحية: الأخلاق- الدعوة – الإسلام – التعامل- غير المسلمين

Patterns of Faculty Participation in the Areas of Social Responsibility

The study aimed to identify the patterns of participation of faculty members in the areas of social responsibility. To achieve the objectives of the study, the social survey method was relied on the sample. The study sample consisted of (136) faculty members in a university in the Saudi higher education sector. The questionnaire was used to collect data. Its stability coefficient was (0.830) and it was applied electronically to the study sample. The results of the study revealed that there is daily interaction between a faculty member, students and community institutions to contribute to all areas of responsibility and spread its culture, in addition to the tendency of the educational institution (the field of study) to achieve balance and harmony between its fields (teaching, community service / scientific research) so that the faculty member can participate in all the desired activities and events and adapt to the requirements of the institution and society, there are also some obstacles such as lack of funding for research and studies Common and directed by the faculty member towards the community, the imposition of routine procedures from the university that hinder the faculty member from participating in community initiatives, the lack of opportunities for community partnerships between the university and the private and public sectors of the state and NGOs

Induction of cryptic antifungal pulicatin derivatives from <i>Pantoea agglomerans</i> by microbial co-culture

Microbial co-culture or mixed fermentation proved to be an efficient strategy to expand chemical diversity by the induction of cryptic biosynthetic pathways, and in many cases led to the production of new antimicrobial agents. In the current study, we report a rare example of the induction of silent/cryptic bacterial biosynthetic pathway by the co-culture of Durum wheat plant roots-associated bacterium Pantoea aggolomerans and date palm leaves-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum. The initial co-culture indicated a clear fungal growth inhibition which was confirmed by the promising antifungal activity of the co-culture total extract against Pc. LC-HRMS chemical profiling demonstrated a huge suppression in the production of secondary metabolites (SMs) of axenic cultures of both species with the emergence of new metabolites which were dereplicated as a series of siderophores. Large-scale co-culture fermentation led to the isolation of two new pulicatin derivatives together with six known metabolites which were characterised using HRESIMS and NMR analyses. During the in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of the isolated compounds, pulicatin H (2) exhibited the strongest antifungal activity against Pc, followed by aeruginaldehyde (1) and pulicatin F (4), hence explaining the initial growth suppression of Pc in the co-culture environment

THE PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC DA’WAH AND IT’S ROLE IN ACHIEVING SECURITY(مقومات الدعوة الإسلامية ودورها في تحقيق الأمن المجتمعي)

Da’wah in Islam has distinguishing role in establishing values and principles in the society, and the most important of these values is security, which, in its comprehensive sense, is required for both the individual and the society. The contemporary human life suffers from various waves of turmoil and insecurity, be it material security, which is represented in the provision of food and medicine, or psychological and emotional security, through which peace of mind and self-happiness are realized. This article aims at examining the role of Islamic da’wah in achieving security, from Qur’anic and Sunnah perspective. It also serves a response on those who accuse Islam of violence and disorder. The article adopts descriptive analytic inductive method. The article concludes that Islamic da’wah is an effective and important means in highlighting the importance of security to both the individual and the society, and that it is a universal legitimate necessity for advocacy. The Islamic method of da’wah aims at building an individual and societal systems through which is actualized for both Muslims and non-Muslims alike. A Muslim should be a good representation of Islamic da’wah and a security measure to everyone around him. The comprehensive security can only be achieved when man cohabits harmoniously with himself and other creatures around him, and this is clearly indicated through following the Islamic da’wah guidance and fundamentals in the Qur’an and Sunnah.Keywords: Societal security, Fundamentals, Islamic da’wah, Societal security.ملخصالدعوة الإسلامية لها دور متميز في ترسيخ القيم والمباديء الحياتية في المجتمع، ومن أهم هذه القيم قيمة الأمن، حيث الحاجة الى الأمن بمفهومه الشامل للفرد والمجتمع،إن حياة الإنسان المعاصر تعاني من موجات متنوعة من الاضطراب وعدم الأمن؛ سواء الأمن المادي الذي يتمثل في توفير الغذاء والدواء، أو الأمن النفسي والقلبي الذي بسببه تتحقق راحة البال وسعادة النفس. تهدف هذه المقاله إلى كشف دور الدعوة الإسلامية في تحقيق الأمن  من خلال القرآن والسنة، والرد على المتهمين للإسلام بأنه دين عنف واضطراب، واعتمدت المقالة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الاستقرائي. وقد خلص البحث إلى عدة نتائج منها: أن الدعوة الإسلامية أداة فاعلة ومهمة في إبراز أهمية الأمن على الفرد والمجتمع وأنه ضرورة كونية وفريضة دعوية شرعية. أن منهج الدعوة الإسلامية يهدف إلى بناء نسق فردي واجتماعي  يحقق الأمن للمسلم وغير المسلم.أن الفرد المسلم يجب أن يكون  صورة  طيبة للدعوة الإسلامية وأداة أمن وطمأنينة لكل من حوله.أن الأمن الشامل لا يتحقق إلا بانسجام الإنسان مع نفسه وسائر الأحياء، ويكون هذا بصورة أوضح من خلال اتباع توجيهات ومقومات الدعوة الإسلامية في القرآن والسنة.الكلمات المفتاحية: الأمن المجتمعي – مقومات- الدعوة الإسلامي

Role of Vitamin D in Childhood Epilepsy

Background:Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and also considered a steroid hormone, that plays an important role in the proper functioning of many organs of the body.Adequate vitamin D status plays a very important role in terms of appropriate brain development and function .Regarding vitamin D,it's participation in the central nervous system's function is corroborated by the presence of the enzyme 25(OH)D3-1alpha-hydroxylase, which form of the active form of vitaminD, and the presence of receptors of vitamin D (VDR) in the brain tissue , mostly in the hypothalamus and substantia nigra. The aim of this review: is to evaluate the roleof vitamin D in childhood epilepsy and to study the vitamin D –antiepleptic drugs interactions among epileptic children. Conclusion: vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are highly prevalent among children with epilepsy.A lot of antiepileptic drugs lower vitamin D level and lead to more seizures specially enzyme inducers' drugs

Association between Type 2 diabetes mellitus and TCF7L2 and FTO gene variants among upper Egyptian population

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder caused by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental variables. T2DM is associated with transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genetic polymorphism.Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the common genetic risk factors of T2DM and related metabolic traits in Upper Egyptian population, in attempt to understand the genetic structure of T2DM in the Egyptian community.Methods and Materials: This case control study included 250 participants, 124 T2DM patients and 126 non-diabetics. Using mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR), genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs7903146 of TCF7L2 and rs17817449 of FTO genes was carried out.Results: T allele of TCF7L2 variant rs7903146 confers a risk for T2DM (allelic OR=1.97, 95% CI: (1.34 to 2.88) p =&lt;0.001). The minor G allele of FTO rs17817449 polymorphism was significantly higher in diabetics than controls (allelic OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.30 to 2.68, p&lt;0.001). Genotype risk was evident under both recessive and dominant modes of inheritance (OR=3.18, CI (1.35-7.45), P =0.008, OR= 2.04, CI (1.23-3.38), p=0.006) for TCF7L2 and (OR= 2.55, CI (1.28 -5.09), p=0.008 and OR= 2.14, CI (1.25-3.63), p= 0.005) for FTO respectivelyConclusion: TCF7L2 rs7903146 and FTO rs17817449 variant conferred risk for T2DM in Upper Egyptian population. The study noted the interaction between certain biological and environmental risk factors including BMI, age, and sex and the conferred genetic risk