Carrier relaxation in Si/SiO2_2 quantum dots

Carrier relaxation due to both optical and nonradiative intraband transitions in silicon quantum dots in SiO$_2$ has been considered. Interaction of confined holes with optical phonons has been studied. The Huang-Rhys factor is calculated for such transitions. The probability of intraband transition of a confined hole emitting several optical phonons is estimated.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted as an extended abstract to the E-MRS Spring Meeting 200

Influence of surgical correction of inguinal hernia and hydrocele on testicular blood flow in children

Inguinal hernia and hydrocele affect the blood circulation of the testicle. Surgical trauma may change testicular blood flow. Objective. To study changes in blood flow parameters in children with pathology of the processus vaginalis, requiring surgical correction, using the analysis of ultrasound data. Materials and methods. We observed 87 boys from 3 to 17 years old, operated for congenital inguinal hernia and hydrocele. As a control group we examined 34 boys without pathology of the reproductive system. Patients held Doppler ultrasound the day before surgery, at 1 and 7 days after. Peak systolic flow velocity, end-diastolic flow velocity and resistance index were studied. Results. The resistance index on the affected side was higher compared with the control group before operation (p<0,05). The values of peak systolic and end diastolic blood flow velocities were lower than in the comparison group (p<0,05). Resistance index increased compared with preoperative period 1 day after surgery (p<0,05). Values of flow velocity parameters decreased to 4-9 % compared to values before the operation. The resistance index decreased (p<0,05) to near baseline figures a week after the operation. Peak systolic and end-diastolic flow velocity raised to 15-21 % compared to the preoperative period. However, the intensity of the blood flow in the affected testicle remained lower than in the control group (p<0,05). Conclusions. The blood flow of affected testicle in children with inguinal hernia and hydrocele is initially decreased. Early postoperative period is characterized by intensification of testicular parenchyma’s ischemia. Postoperative blood flow in the affected testicle is improved a week after surgery, but the lack of blood supply to the testicle is retained

Specific Heat Discontinuity in Impure Two-Band Superconductors

The Ginzburg-Landau coefficients, and the jump of the specific heat are calculated for a disordered two-band superconductor. We start with the analysis of a more general case arbitrary anisotropy. While the specific heat discontinuity at the critical temperature T_c decreases with increasing disorder, its ratio to the normal state specific heat at T_c increases and slowly converges to the isotropic value. For a strong disorder the deviation from the isotropic value is proportional to the elastic electron scattering time. In the case of a two-band superconductor we apply a simplified model of the interaction independent on momentum within a band. In the framework of this model all thermodynamic values can be found explicitly at any value of the scattering rate. This solution explains the sample dependence of the specific heat discontinuity in MgB_2 and the influence of the disorder on the critical temperature.Comment: New results relate to two-band superconductors, 9 pages, 2 figure

Effect of magnetic and non-magnetic impurities on highly anisotropic superconductivity

We generalize Abrikosov-Gor'kov solution of the problem of weakly coupled superconductor with impurities on the case of a multiband superconductor with arbitrary interband order parameter anisotropy, including interband sign reversal of the order parameter. The solution is given in terms of the effective (renormalized) coupling matrix and describes not only $T_c$ suppression but also renormalization of the superconducting gap basically at all temperatures. In many limiting cases we find analytical solutions for the critical temperature suppression. We illustrate our results by numerical calculations for two-band model systems.Comment: 18 pages (12pt) RevTeX, 4 postscript figure

Microelement status changes of rats testis under increased receipts of heavy metals salts

The results of the study of 128 rats tissue seminal glands. We presented the experimental rats within 48 days received drinking water salts of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, chromium, and lead. The objective was to study the accumulation of zinc, copper, lead, manganese, chromium and iron in the testicular tissue in their alimentary receipt and in a correction by the drug "Tivortin." The spectrophotometry in atomic absorption mode revealed reduced levels of zinc and increased level of other studied trace elements. Accumulation of copper, iron, manganese, chromium and lead in seminal gland tissue is defined within 48 days, copper, lead and chromium exhibit the largest organ tropism

Conservative Approach Efficacy in Closed Injuries of Parenchymal Abdominal Cavity Organs in Children

This article summarizes the experience of the conservative approach application in closed injuries of parenchymal organs of the abdominal cavity in children. In our clinic 53 patients with closed injuries of the spleen and liver underwent treatment in 2004–2011. The age of patients ranged from 2.5 to 17 years. Spleen injuries detected in 38 patients (71.7 %), liver damages — in 12 patients (22.6 %), concomitant injury of the liver and spleen occurred in 3 cases (5.7 %). Conservative approach was used in 50 patients (94.3 %), it was successful in 47 cases (94.0 %). Sonographic examination enables to identify and determine accurately the origin of the organ injury, and ultrasound monitoring makes it possible to predict the risk for intraabdominal bleeding and to assess the evolution of the initially identified damages in dynamics

Study of non-reversible photostructural transformations in As₄₀S₆₀-xSex layers applied for fabrication of holographic protective elements

Thin vacuum-evaporated layers of As₄₀S₆₀-xSex composition are investigated using Raman spectroscopy from the viewpoint of thermo- and photostructural transformations in them. These transformations are considered as changes in their network structure including three types of piramidal units AsS₃/₂, AsSe₃/₂ and AsS(Se)₃/₂ as well as As₄S(Se)₄ and S(Se)n fragments in its initial state. Annealing or light exposure result in polymerization of the molecular groups and the decreasing number of homopolar bonds, which is thermodynamically favorable. Characteristics of sensivity to photon and electron exposure were investigated. Diffraction efficiency perfomances of a microrelief fabricated using these layers are presented

Signs of Thrombotic State of Readiness with Increase of Physical Activity

Блажко Александр Александрович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры нормальной физиологии, Алтайский государственный медицинский университет. 656038, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 40. Е-mail: [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0003-2578-6858. Шахматов Игорь Ильич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой нормальной физиологии, Алтайский государственный медицинский университет. 656038, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 40. Е-mail: [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-0979-8560. Вдовин Вячеслав Михайлович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой патологической физиологии, Алтайский государственный медицинский университет. 656038, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 40. Е-mail: [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-4606-3627. Бондарчук Юлия Алексеевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры нормальной физиологии, Алтайский государственный медицинский университет. 656038, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 40. Е-mail: [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-2661-5965. Москаленко Светлана Валерьевна, преподаватель кафедры нормальной физиологии, Алтайский государственный медицинский университет. 656038, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 40. Е-mail: [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-8944-7380. A.A. Blazhko, [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0003-2578-6858, I.I. Shakhmatov, [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-0979-8560, V.M. Vdovin, [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-4606-3627, Yu.A. Bondarchuk, [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-2661-5965, S.V. Moskalenko, [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-8944-7380 Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russian FederationЦель: оценить влияние однократной интенсивной физической нагрузки различной продолжительности на состояние системы гемостаза, микроциркуляторного русла и эндотелия крыс. Материалы и методы. Исследовали показатели системы гемостаза и микроциркуляторного русла у 60 половозрелых самцов белых крыс линии Wistar после 4- и 8-часовой физической нагрузки в виде навязанного бега в тредбане. Результаты. Показано, что 4-часовая нагрузка вызывает повышение агрегационной функции тромбоцитов при увеличении их количества, гиперкоагуляцию на фоне снижения антикоагулянтной активности плазмы крови. 8-часовая нагрузка усиливает негативные сдвиги, выявленные ранее. Так, отмечается повышение содержания растворимых фибрин-мономерных комплексов, снижение количества фибриногена и тромбоцитов в крови, снижение антикоагулянтной и фибринолитической активности плазмы крови, развитие эндотелиальной дисфункции и застойных явлений в зоне микроциркуляции. Заключение. Увеличение продолжительности стрессорного воздействия в виде навязанной физической нагрузки с 4 до 8 часов приводит к нарастанию выраженности признаков развития состояния тромботической готов- ности.Aim. The paper aims to assess the effect of a single intensive physical exercise of varying duration on the hemostasis system, microvasculature, and endothelium of rats. Materials and methods. The hemostasis system and microvasculature were investigated in 60 mature male Wistar white rats after a 4-hour and 8-hour physical exercise on a rat treadmill. Results. It was found that a 4-hour exercise resulted in an increase in the aggregation function of platelets with a subsequent increase in their number and hypercoagulation against the decrease in plasma anticoagulant activity. An 8-hour exercise increased the negative changes identified before. Thus, there was an increase in soluble fibrin monomer complexes, a decrease in fibrinogen and platelets in the blood, a decrease in plasma anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity, the development of endothelial dysfunction and congestive phenomena in the microcirculation area. Conclusion. The increase in the duration of stress exposure training from 4 to 8 hours leads to an increase in the severity of signs of the thrombotic state of readiness

Cognitive Dysfunction as a Factor Restricting the Application of Accelerated Rehabilitation Programs for Elderly and Senior Patients in Operative Gynecology

Глазкова Ольга Леонидовна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии, Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования (Москва), [email protected] Шмелева Светлана Васильевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры психологии и педагогики профессионального образования, Московский государственный университет технологий и управления имени К.Г. Разумовского (Москва), [email protected], ORCID 0000-0003-0390-194X Москаленко Роман Владимирович, врач – акушер-гинеколог, 22-е гинекологическое отделение, Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина (Москва), [email protected] Игнатченко Ольга Юрьевна, врач – акушер-гинеколог, заведующий 22-м гинекологическим отделением, Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина (Москва), [email protected] Романова Анжела Валерьевна, кандидат психологических наук, доцент, Российский государственный социальный университет (Москва) [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-7472-8235 Дубровинская Екатерина Игоревна, кандидат психологических наук, доцент, Российский государственный социальный университет (Москва), [email protected], ORCID 0000-0001-6280-5590 O.L. Glazkova1, [email protected] S.V. Shmeleva2, [email protected], ORCID 0000-0003-0390-194X R.V. Moskalenko3, [email protected] O.Yu. Ignatchenko3, [email protected] A.V. Romanova4, [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-7472-8235 E.I. Dubrovinskaya4, [email protected], ORCID 0000-0001-6280-5590 1 Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation 2 Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky, Moscow, Russian Federation 3 City Clinical Hospital named after S.P. Botkin, Moscow, Russian Federation 4 Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russian FederationЦель. Выявить группы риска формирования когнитивной дисфункции у пациенток пожилого и старческого возраста после гинекологических операций. База исследования: Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина, Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования (Москва). Определены группы риска формирования когнитивной дисфункции у пациенток пожилого и старческого возраста после гинекологических операций. Госпитализация осуществлялась накануне операции, послеоперационный койко-день варьировал от двух до четырех дней. В тех случаях, где это оказалось возможным, в периоперационном периоде применялись принципы технологии FastTrack. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 60 женщин пожилого и старческого возраста, после менопаузы в возрасте от 50 до 85 лет (75,2 ± 6,3 года), которым в условиях эндотрахеального наркоза были выполнены операции в связи с доброкачественной патологией (новообразования яичников, пролапс гениталий), применялись принципы FastTrack – ускоренного пути в хирургии. До операции и на второй день после операции проводилось тестирование по шкале MMSE (Mini-mental State Examination), а также по анкете для выявления личностной и реактивной тревожности Спилбергера – Ханина. Результаты. Достоверно доказано, что частота послеоперационной когнитивной дисфункции увеличивается пропорционально возрасту пациенток и нередко зависит от вида анестезиологического пособия и тяжести операции. В группе женщин в возрасте от 50 до 60 лет исходных когнитивных нарушений не обнаружено, 18 % пациенток после 60 лет имеют когнитивные нарушения, 5 % – деменцию легкой степени. Чем старше пациентки, тем в большем количестве случаев после операции развиваются и/или усугубляются когнитивные нарушения, сохраняются высокие показатели тревожности. Ранняя выписка в таких случаях может стать причиной дальнейших проблем медицинского характера. Заключение. В группах риска, особенно у пациенток старше 70 лет с признаками распространенного атеросклероза, нарушениями мозгового кровообращения и травмами головного мозга в анамнезе, необходимо прицельно выявлять признаки когнитивных нарушений и своевременно привлекать невролога и клинического психолога для их коррекции, что значительно улучшит послеоперационный период и снизит уровень тревожности. Aim: to identify risk groups for the formation of cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after gynecological operations. Research base: City Clinical Hospital named after S.P. Botkin, Moscow, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education. The risk groups for the formation of cognitive dysfunction in elderly and senior patients after gynecological operations are determined. Hospitalization was carried out just before the operation, the postoperative hospital bed rest varied from 2 to 4 days. Where possible, the principles of FastTrack technology were applied in the perioperative period. Materials and methods. The study involved 60 elderly and senior female patients after menopause from the age of 50 to 85 years (75,2 ± 6,3 years), who underwent surgery under conditions of endotracheal anesthesia due to benign pathology (ovarian neoplasms, genital prolapse). The principles of FastTrack – an accelerated path in surgery were applied. Before the operation and on the 2nd day after the operation, testing was performed on the MMSE (Mini-mental State Examination) scale, as well as on the questionnaire to identify Spielberger-Hanin personal and reactive anxiety. Results. It has been proven that the frequency of postoperative cognitive dysfunction increases in proportion to the age of the patients and often depends on the type of anesthetic benefit and the severity of the operation. In the group of women aged from 50 to 60, no initial cognitive impairment was found, 18 % of patients after 60 years of age have cognitive impairment, and 5 % have mild dementia. The older the patient, the more cases of postoperative cognitive impairment develops/worsens, and high levels of anxiety remain. Early discharge in such cases can cause problems. Conclusion. In risk groups, especially in patients older than 70 years with signs of widespread atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular accidents, and a history of brain injuries, it is necessary to accurately identify signs of cognitive impairment and promptly involve a neurologist and clinical psychologist to correct them, which will significantly improve the postoperative period and reduce the anxiety level