Metabolic effects of a 24-week energy-restricted intervention combined with low or high dairy intake in overweight women:An NMR-based metabolomics investigation

We investigated the effect of a 24-week energy-restricted intervention with low or high dairy intake (LD or HD) on the metabolic profiles of urine, blood and feces in overweight/obese women by NMR spectroscopy combined with ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). A significant effect of dairy intake was found on the urine metabolome. HD intake increased urinary citrate, creatinine and urea excretion, and decreased urinary excretion of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and hippurate relative to the LD intake, suggesting that HD intake was associated with alterations in protein catabolism, energy metabolism and gut microbial activity. In addition, a significant time effect on the blood metabolome was attributed to a decrease in blood lipid and lipoprotein levels due to the energy restriction. For the fecal metabolome, a trend for a diet effect was found and a series of metabolites, such as acetate, butyrate, propionate, malonate, cholesterol and glycerol tended to be affected. Overall, even though these effects were not accompanied by a higher weight loss, the present metabolomics data reveal that a high dairy intake is associated with endogenous metabolic effects and effects on gut microbial activity that potentially impact body weight regulation and health. Moreover, ASCA has a great potential for exploring the effect of intervention factors and identifying altered metabolites in a multi-factorial metabolomic study

Strong and bitter vegetables from traditional cultivars and cropping methods improve the health status of type 2 diabetics:A randomized control trial

Vegetables rich in bitter-tasting phytochemicals may exert enhanced beneficial effects against key factors associated with type two diabetes (T2D). This study investigates whether selected cultivars of bitter and strong-tasting (BST) Brassica and root vegetables exert greater health benefits on T2D patients compared to equivalent modern mild and sweet tasting (MST) vegetables. A 12-week randomized, controlled, parallel intervention study involved 92 T2D patients, who were allocated three different diets: (1) 500 g daily of bitter and strong-tasting (BST) vegetables; (2) 500 g daily of mild and sweet-tasting (MST) vegetables; (3) 120 g daily MST normal diet (control). Both vegetable diets contained root vegetables and cabbages selected based on sensory differences and content of phytochemicals. Prior to and after the study, all participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 24 h blood pressure measurements, DEXA scans, and fasted blood samples. Both diets high in vegetables significantly reduced the participants’ BMI, total body fat mass, and HbA1c levels compared to control, but in the BST group, significant differences were also found regarding incremental area under the curve glucose 240 min (OGTT) and fasting glucose levels. A high daily intake of root vegetables and cabbages showed significant health improvements in both vegetable groups. BST vegetables had the greatest impact on insulin sensitivity, body fat mass, and blood pressure compared to control; moreover, they further improved glycemic control compared to MST vegetables

Urinary loss of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates as revealed by metabolomics studies:an underlying mechanism to reduce lipid accretion by whey protein ingestion?

[Image: see text] Whey protein intake is associated with the modulation of energy metabolism and altered body composition both in human subjects and in animals, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet elucidated. We fed obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice high-fat diets with either casein (HF casein) or whey (HF whey) for 6 weeks. At equal energy intake and apparent fat and nitrogen digestibility, mice fed HF whey stored less energy as lipids, evident both as lower white adipose tissue mass and as reduced liver lipids, compared with HF-casein-fed mice. Explorative analyses of 48 h urine, both by (1)H NMR and LC–MS metabolomic platforms, demonstrated higher urinary excretion of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates citric acid and succinic acid (identified by both platforms), and cis-aconitic acid and isocitric acid (identified by LC–MS platform) in the HF whey, relative to in the HF-casein-fed mice. Targeted LC–MS analyses revealed higher citric acid and cis-aconitic acid concentrations in fed state plasma, but not in liver of HF-whey-fed mice. We propose that enhanced urinary loss of TCA cycle metabolites drain available substrates for anabolic processes, such as lipogenesis, thereby leading to reduced lipid accretion in HF-whey-fed compared to HF-casein-fed mice

Mapping the Variation of the Carrot Metabolome Using ¹H NMR Spectroscopy and Consensus PCA

Genetic variation is the most influential factor for carrot (Daucus carota L.) composition. However, difference in metabolite content between carrot varieties has not been described by NMR, although primary metabolites are important for human health and sensory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of genotype on carrot metabolite composition using a ¹H NMR-based metabolomics approach. After extraction using aqueous and organic solvents, 25 hydrophilic metabolites, β-carotene, sterols, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids were detected. Multiblock PCA showed that three principal components could be identified for classification of the five carrot varieties using different spectroscopic regions and the results of the two solvent extraction methods as blocks. The varieties were characterized by differences in carbohydrate, amino acid, nucleotide, fatty acid, sterol, and β-carotene contents. ¹H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multiblock data analysis was an efficient and useful tool to map the carrot metabolome and identify genetic differences between varieties

Mapping the Variation of the Carrot Metabolome Using ¹H NMR Spectroscopy and Consensus PCA

Genetic variation is the most influential factor for carrot (Daucus carota L.) composition. However, difference in metabolite content between carrot varieties has not been described by NMR, although primary metabolites are important for human health and sensory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of genotype on carrot metabolite composition using a ¹H NMR-based metabolomics approach. After extraction using aqueous and organic solvents, 25 hydrophilic metabolites, β-carotene, sterols, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids were detected. Multiblock PCA showed that three principal components could be identified for classification of the five carrot varieties using different spectroscopic regions and the results of the two solvent extraction methods as blocks. The varieties were characterized by differences in carbohydrate, amino acid, nucleotide, fatty acid, sterol, and β-carotene contents. ¹H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multiblock data analysis was an efficient and useful tool to map the carrot metabolome and identify genetic differences between varieties