Small Limnocyonines (Hyaenodontidae, Mammalia) from the Bridgerian Middle Eocene of Wyoming: Thinocyon, Prolimnocyon, and Iridonon, New Genus

p. 43-78http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41258/2/C31-2.pd

Comparison of the cranial features of Hyaenodontidae and Hyainailouridae.

<p>Comparison of the cranial features of Hyaenodontidae and Hyainailouridae.</p

Upper dentition of <i>Kerberos langebadreae</i> gen. & sp. nov. (holotype, MNHN.F.EBA 517).

<p>A, right maxilla bearing P¹ and P⁴-M³ in occlusal view. B, left maxilla bearing P²-M³ in occlusal view.</p

Comparison of the geographic distribution of Hyaenodontidae (top) and Hyainailouridae (bottom).

<p>White: no fossils recorded; Grey: limited diversity; Black: main radiation.</p

Comparison of the skull in ventral view of Hyaenodontidae (left) and Hyainailouridae (right).

<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> for description of the numbered features. Left: skull of <i>Sinopa grangeri</i> redrawn after Matthew ([<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.ref055" target="_blank">55</a>], <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.g005" target="_blank">Fig 5</a>); right: skull of <i>Apterodon macrognathus</i> redrawn after Szalay ([<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.ref057" target="_blank">57</a>]; <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.g007" target="_blank">Fig 7</a>).</p

Consensuses of the second phylogenetic analysis of the hyainailourines with <i>Leakitherium</i> excluded.

<p>A: strict consensus (120 steps long; CI 0.59; RI 0.75) of the second phylogenetic analysis of the hyainailourines which includes body size character with indications of the Bremer support values. B: relationships among several hyainailourines in the majority rule consensus (117 steps long; CI 0.60; RI 0.76) with percentages of presence of the clades among equally parsimonious trees. In bold: <i>Kerberos langebadreae</i> gen. & sp. nov.</p

Comparison of the hemimandibles in labial view of hyainailourines.

<p><i>Furodon crocheti</i> (A, left inverted, HGL 50bis-56; HGL, Hammada Gour Lazib, Algeria, Université Montpellier 2, France), <i>Kerberos langebadreae</i> gen. & sp. nov. (B, holotype, left inverted, MNHN.F.EBA 518b) and “<i>Pterodon</i>” <i>phiomensis</i> (C, right, AMNH 13253; AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA). Not to scale</p

Strict consensus of the third phylogenetic analysis of the hyainailourines with <i>Leakitherium</i> and body mass character excluded.

<p>111 steps long; CI 0.60; RI 0.76; with indications of the Bremer support values. In bold: <i>Kerberos langebadreae</i> gen. & sp. nov.</p

Stratigraphic repartition of the different subfamilies of specialized carnivorous mammals in Europe during the Paleocene and Eocene, with special attention to hyainailourines.

<p>The new taxon described here, <i>Kerberos langebadreae</i>, is in bold. Note that currently i. the stratigraphic extension of <i>Paroxyaena pavlovi</i> during Priabonian is unknown [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.ref008" target="_blank">8</a>] and ii. the age of <i>Parapterodon</i> is unknown but is estimated to be late Priabonian [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.ref009" target="_blank">9</a>]. Stratigraphic scale, eustatic curve, and isotopic curves produced with TSCreator [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>] from the data compiled by Gradstein et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>]. Abbreviations: ELMA, European Land Mammal Ages; MP, Mammal Palaeogene.</p