26,256 research outputs found
Interplay between elastic fields due to gravity and a partial dislocation for a hard-sphere crystal coherently grown under gravity: driving force for defect disappearance
We previously observed that an intrinsic staking fault shrunk through a glide
of a Shockley partial dislocation terminating its lower end in a hard-sphere
crystal under gravity coherently grown in by Monte Carlo simulations
[Mori et al., Molec. Phys. 105, 1377 (2007)]; it was an answer to a one-decade
long standing question why the stacking disorder in colloidal crystals reduced
under gravity [Zhu et al., Nature 387, 883 (1997)]. Here, we present an elastic
energy calculation; in addition to the self-energy of the partial dislocation
[Mori et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 178, 33 (2009)] we calculate the
cross-coupling term between elastic field due to gravity and that due to a
Shockley partial dislocation. The cross term is a increasing function of the
linear dimension R over which the elastic field expands, showing that a driving
force arises for the partial dislocation moving toward the upper boundary of a
grain.Comment: 8pages, 4figures, to be published in Molecular Physic
BEEF IN JAPAN: THE CHALLENGE FOR UNITED STATES EXPORTS
International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries,
Spectroscopic characterizations of the mixed Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of 2,2'-biquinoline molecules: evidence of dimer formation
This communication reports the -A isotherms and spectroscopic
characterizations of mixed Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of
nonamphiphilic 2, -biquinoline (BQ) molecules, mixed with polymethyl
methacrylate (PMMA) and stearic acid (SA). The pi-A isotherms and molefraction
versus area per molecule studies indicate complete immiscibility of sample (BQ)
and matrix (PMMA or SA) molecules. This immiscibility may lead to the formation
of microcrystalline aggregates of BQ molecules in the mixed LB films. The
scanning electron micrograph gives the visual evidence of microcrystalline
aggregates of BQ molecules in the mixed LB films. UV-Vis absorption,
fluorescence and excitation spectroscopic studies reveal the nature of these
microcrystalline aggregates. LB films lifted at higher surface pressure
indicate the formation of dimer or higher order n-mers.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure
DRINet for medical image segmentation
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized medical image analysis over the past few years. The UNet architecture is one of the most well-known CNN architectures for semantic segmentation and has achieved remarkable successes in many different medical image segmentation applications. The U-Net architecture consists of standard convolution layers, pooling layers, and upsampling layers. These convolution layers learn representative features of input images and construct segmentations based on the features. However, the features learned by standard convolution layers are not distinctive when the differences among different categories are subtle in terms of intensity, location, shape, and size. In this paper, we propose a novel CNN architecture, called Dense-Res-Inception Net (DRINet), which addresses this challenging problem. The proposed DRINet consists of three blocks, namely a convolutional block with dense connections, a deconvolutional block with residual Inception modules, and an unpooling block. Our proposed architecture outperforms the U-Net in three different challenging applications, namely multi-class segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on brain CT images, multi-organ segmentation on abdominal CT images, multi-class brain tumour segmentation on MR images
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Controlling a Van Hove singularity and Fermi surface topology at a complex oxide heterostructure interface.
The emergence of saddle-point Van Hove singularities (VHSs) in the density of states, accompanied by a change in Fermi surface topology, Lifshitz transition, constitutes an ideal ground for the emergence of different electronic phenomena, such as superconductivity, pseudo-gap, magnetism, and density waves. However, in most materials the Fermi level, [Formula: see text], is too far from the VHS where the change of electronic topology takes place, making it difficult to reach with standard chemical doping or gating techniques. Here, we demonstrate that this scenario can be realized at the interface between a Mott insulator and a band insulator as a result of quantum confinement and correlation enhancement, and easily tuned by fine control of layer thickness and orbital occupancy. These results provide a tunable pathway for Fermi surface topology and VHS engineering of electronic phases
The distribution of oxygen at the Ni81Fe19/Ta interface
The knowledge of how oxygen atoms are distributed at a magnetic-metal /
oxide, or magnetic-metal / non-magnetic-metal interface, can be an useful tool
to optimize device production. Multilayered Ni81Fe19 / Ta samples consisting of
15 bilayers of 2.5 nm each, grown onto glass substrates by magnetron sputtering
from Ni81Fe19 and Ta targets, have been investigated. X-ray absorption near
edge structure, extended X-Ray absorption fine structure, small angle X-ray
diffraction, and simulations, were used to characterize the samples. Oxygen
atoms incorporated onto Ni81Fe19 films during O2 exposition are mainly bonded
to Fe atoms. This partial oxidation of the Ni81Fe19 surface works as a barrier
to arriving Ta atoms, preventing intermixing at the Ni81Fe19 / Ta interface.
The reduction of the Ni81Fe19 surface by the formation of TaO x is observed.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Advances in
Materials Science and Engineerin
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