Microorganism degradation efficiency in BOD analysis formulating a specific microbial consortium in a pulp and paper mill effluent

"Pulp and paper mills are a major source of pollution, generating huge amounts of intensely colored effluent that goes to the receiving end of a wastewater treatment plant. The biochemical oxygen demand test (BOD5) relies heavily on the microorganism metabolic capability added to the test as seeding material. The seeding material in the testing is obtained from sewage sampling or from commercial sources. Specific organic pollutants that are present in paper and pulp mill effluent can only be degraded by specific microbes; therefore, common sewage or synthetic seed may lead to erroneous BOD5 estimations. In this study, specific microbial species were selected to evaluate their degradation efficiency, both individually and in combination. The microorganisms selected in the formulated seed exhibit BOD5 in a reproducible and synergistic manner. The formulation of this specific microbial consortium can be used to develop bioremediation strategies.

Microorganism Degradation Efficiency in BOD Analysis Formulating a Specific Microbial Consortium in a Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent

Pulp and paper mills are a major source of pollution, generating huge amounts of intensely colored effluent that goes to the receiving end of a wastewater treatment plant. The biochemical oxygen demand test (BOD5) relies heavily on the microorganism metabolic capability added to the test as seeding material. The seeding material in the testing is obtained from sewage sampling or from commercial sources. Specific organic pollutants that are present in paper and pulp mill effluent can only be degraded by specific microbes; therefore, common sewage or synthetic seed may lead to erroneous BOD5 estimations. In this study, specific microbial species were selected to evaluate their degradation efficiency, both individually and in combination. The microorganisms selected in the formulated seed exhibit BOD5 in a reproducible and synergistic manner. The formulation of this specific microbial consortium can be used to develop bioremediation strategies

Efecto del entrenamiento de alta resistencia a nivel intestinal, cambios morfológicos y sistémicos, consumo de fuentes naturales como alternativa terapéutica

Exercising is one of the greatest benefits for the health. However, at a systemic level it can be harmful depending on the intensity degree with which the athletes practice. The high-resistance training involves exhaustive training that can result in gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic manifestations occur such as the triggering of the inflammatory process, progression of oxidative stress and gut microbiota modification. Currently, athletes consume commercial products to counteract these effects. However, there are natural therapeutic alternatives such as the consumption of sources rich in dietary fiber and polyphenols. The use of these sources can improve the symptoms presented by reducing systemic oxidative processes, improving intestinal protection and increasing sports performance. This review it focuses on the systemic mechanisms modifiable by the high-resistance training and the consumption of natural sources as fiber and polyphenolic compounds a therapeutic alternative to reduce intestinal symptoms and negative systemic processes in the athlete and favor naturally their gut health.La realización del ejercicio es uno de los mayores beneficios para la salud. Sin embargo, a nivel sistémico puede resultar perjudicial dependiendo del grado de intensidad con que practiquen los deportistas. El entrenamiento de alta resistencia implica un entrenamiento exhaustivo que puede resultar en síntomas gastrointestinales con manifestaciones sistémicas como el desencadenamiento del proceso inflamatorio, progresión del estrés oxidativo y modificación de la microbiota intestinal. Actualmente, los deportistas consumen productos comerciales para contrarrestar estos efectos. Sin embargo, existen alternativas terapéuticas naturales como el consumo de fuentes ricas en fibra dietética y polifenoles. El uso de estas fuentes puede mejorar los síntomas reduciendo los procesos oxidativos sistémicos, protección intestinal y aumento en el rendimiento deportivo. Esta revisión se centra en los mecanismos sistémicos modificados por la realización de ejercicios de alta resistencia, la influencia del consumo de fuentes naturales como fibra y compuestos polifenólicos como una alternativa terapéutica por reducir los síntomas intestinales y procesos sistémicos negativos favoreciendo la salud intestinal

Enzymatic Potential of Native Fungal Strains of Agave Residues

Abstract. Orexins or hypocretins are neurotransmitters produced by a small population of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. This family of peptides modulates sleep-wake cycle, arousal and feeding behaviors; however, the mechanisms regulating their expression remain to be fully elucidated. There is an interest in defining the key molecular elements in orexin regulation, as these may serve to identify targets for generating novel therapies for sleep disorders, obesity and addiction. Our previous studies showed that the expression of orexin was decreased in mice carrying null-mutations of the transcription factor early B-cell factor 2 (ebf2) and that the promoter region of the prepro-orexin (Hcrt) gene contained two putative ebf-binding sites, termed olf‑1 sites. In the present study, a minimal promoter region of the murine Hcrt gene was identified, which was able to drive the expression of a luciferase reporter gene in the human 293 cell line. Deletion of the olf1-site proximal to the transcription start site of the Hcrt gene increased reporter gene expression, whereas deletion of the distal olf1-like site decreased its expression. The lentiviral transduction of murine transcription factor ebf2 cDNA into 293 cells increased the gene expression driven by this minimal Hcrt-gene promoter and an electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the distal olf1-like sequence was a binding site for ebf2

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care