2 research outputs found

    Schön oder nicht schön - das ist hier die Frage

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    Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es zu überprüfen, ob der mediale präfrontale Cortex bei der Bildung ästhetischer Urteile über Gesichter eine entscheidende Rolle spielt. Um die neuronale Aktivität in dieser Gehirnregion zu hemmen, wurde kathodische transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) angewendet. Anschließend wurden die Teilnehmer gebeten, ästhetische Urteile einerseits in Form von Entscheidungen zwischen zwei Gesichtern, andererseits aber auch mittels separater Einschätzungen der Gesichter in Bezug auf deren Attraktivität abzugeben. Des Weiteren erfolgte die Überprüfung der Annahme, dass der mediale präfrontale Cortex auch in Zusammenhang mit Mentalizing eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Gemessen wurde dies mit der deutschsprachigen Version des „Reading Mind in the Eyes“ Tests (RMET; Voracek & Dressler, 2006). Die Hemmung der neuronalen Aktivität innerhalb des medialen PFC durch kathodische tDCS führte weder bei ästhetischen Urteilen, noch bei den Aufgaben zur Überprüfung der Mentalizing-Fähigkeiten zu Veränderungen.The present study investigated whether the medial prefrontal cortex plays a key role concerning aesthetic judgments of faces. Therefore, neural activity within this brain region was inhibited by cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Participants then had to decide which one of two shown faces was the more attractive as well as to rate the attractiveness of each face separately. Furthermore, it was assumed that the medial PFC also plays an important role for mentalizing. To examine whether cathodal tDCS inhibited this ability participants had to complete the German version of the “Reading Mind in the Eyes” Test (Voracek & Dressler, 2006). Decreasing the excitability of the medial PFC by cathodal tDCS did not affect aesthetic judgments as well as mentalizing abilities in any way

    Predictive Factors and Risk Model for Positive Circumferential Resection Margin Rate after Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision in 2653 Patients with Rectal Cancer

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    The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of, and preoperative risk factors for, positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) after transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME). Background: TaTME has the potential to further reduce the rate of positive CRM for patients with low rectal cancer, thereby improving oncological outcome. Methods: A prospective registry-based study including all cases recorded on the international TaTME registry between July 2014 and January 2018 was performed. Endpoints were the incidence of, and predictive factors for, positive CRM. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed, and factors for positive CRM were then assessed by formulating a predictive model. Results: In total, 2653 patients undergoing TaTME for rectal cancer were included. The incidence of positive CRM was 107 (4.0%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, a positive CRM after TaTME was significantly associated with tumors located up to 1 cm from the anorectal junction, anterior tumors, cT4 tumors, extra-mural venous invasion (EMVI), and threatened or involved CRM on baseline MRI (odds ratios 2.09, 1.66, 1.93, 1.94, and 1.72, respectively). The predictive model showed adequate discrimination (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve >0.70), and predicted a 28% risk of positive CRM if all risk factors were present. Conclusion: Five preoperative tumor-related characteristics had an adverse effect on CRM involvement after TaTME. The predicted risk of positive CRM after TaTME for a specific patient can be calculated preoperatively with the proposed model and may help guide patient selection for optimal treatment and enhance a tailored treatment approach to further optimize oncological outcomes
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