Constraints on Hidden Photon Models from Electron g-2 and Hydrogen Spectroscopy

The hidden photon model is one of the simplest models which can explain the anomaly of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (g-2). The experimental constraints are studied in detail, which come from the electron g-2 and the hydrogen transition frequencies. The input parameters are set carefully in order to take dark photon contributions into account and to prevent the analysis from being self-inconsistent. It is shown that the new analysis provides a constraint severer by more than one order of magnitude than the previous result.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. v2: minor correction

Luttinger liquid physics from infinite-system DMRG

We study one-dimensional spinless fermions at zero and finite temperature T using the density matrix renormalization group. We consider nearest as well as next-nearest neighbor interactions; the latter render the system inaccessible by a Bethe ansatz treatment. Using an infinite-system alogrithm we demonstrate the emergence of Luttinger liquid physics at low energies for a variety of static correlation functions as well as for thermodynamic properties. The characteristic power law suppression of the momentum distribution n(k) function at T=0 can be directly observed over several orders of magnitude. At finite temperature, we show that n(k) obeys a scaling relation. The Luttinger liquid parameter and the renormalized Fermi velocity can be extracted from the density response function, the specific heat, and/or the susceptibility without the need to carry out any finite-size analysis. We illustrate that the energy scale below which Luttinger liquid power laws manifest vanishes as the half-filled system is driven into a gapped phase by large interactions

Topological invariants of time-reversal-invariant band structures

The topological invariants of a time-reversal-invariant band structure in two dimensions are multiple copies of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariant found by Kane and Mele. Such invariants protect the topological insulator and give rise to a spin Hall effect carried by edge states. Each pair of bands related by time reversal is described by a single $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariant, up to one less than half the dimension of the Bloch Hamiltonians. In three dimensions, there are four such invariants per band. The $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariants of a crystal determine the transitions between ordinary and topological insulators as its bands are occupied by electrons. We derive these invariants using maps from the Brillouin zone to the space of Bloch Hamiltonians and clarify the connections between $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariants, the integer invariants that underlie the integer quantum Hall effect, and previous invariants of ${\cal T}$-invariant Fermi systems.Comment: 4 page

Financial liberalisation in India and a new test of the complementarity hypothesis

This paper reappraises the financial repression hypothesis for India in the light of the partial liberalisation of the financial sector in the early 1990s, using for the first time, state-of-art multivariate cointegration and vector error correction models (VECM). From this robust test we find that for the Indian economy over the sample period 1951-1999 money and capital are complementary, suggesting that higher real interest rates will raise the demand for money and lead to higher levels of investment. Furthermore, testing for a structural break in the early 1990s – to coincide with the liberalisation of the financial sector in India – suggests that these reforms have not significantly changed the complementary relationship between money and capital. The policy implication is that further financial liberalisation is required in India, to enhance investment and economic growth

An investigation into the sources of fluctuation in real and nominal wage rates in eight EU countries: A structural VAR approach

This paper uses the SVAR approach to assess the degree of labor market flexibility –measured as the responsiveness of real and nominal wages to permanent and temporary shocks - in eight EU member states (France, Italy, UK, Netherlands, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic) with a view to assessing their suitability for Euro-area membership. It is found that for Hungary and the Czech Republic real wages are more responsive to real (permanent) shocks than some current members of the Euro zone, such as Italy. On the other hand, in Poland and Slovakia, real wage flexibility seems to be extremely low, making higher unemployment more likely than other EU countries and early euro-area membership unadvisable

Doping dependence of thermopower and thermoelectricity in strongly correlated systems

The search for semiconductors with high thermoelectric figure of merit has been greatly aided by theoretical modeling of electron and phonon transport, both in bulk materials and in nanocomposites. Recent experiments have studied thermoelectric transport in ``strongly correlated'' materials derived by doping Mott insulators, whose insulating behavior without doping results from electron-electron repulsion, rather than from band structure as in semiconductors. Here a unified theory of electrical and thermal transport in the atomic and ``Heikes'' limit is applied to understand recent transport experiments on sodium cobaltate and other doped Mott insulators at room temperature and above. For optimal electron filling, a broad class of narrow-bandwidth correlated materials are shown to have power factors (the electronic portion of the thermoelectric figure of merit) as high at and above room temperature as in the best semiconductors.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Approaching Many-Body Localization from Disordered Luttinger Liquids via the Functional Renormalization Group

We study the interplay of interactions and disorder in a one-dimensional fermion lattice coupled adiabatically to infinite reservoirs. We employ both the functional renormalization group (FRG) as well as matrix product state techniques, which serve as an accurate benchmark for small systems. Using the FRG, we compute the length- and temperature-dependence of the conductance averaged over $10^4$ samples for lattices as large as $10^{5}$ sites. We identify regimes in which non-ohmic power law behavior can be observed and demonstrate that the corresponding exponents can be understood by adapting earlier predictions obtained perturbatively for disordered Luttinger liquids. In presence of both disorder and isolated impurities, the conductance has a universal single-parameter scaling form. This lays the groundwork for an application of the functional renormalization group to the realm of many-body localization