The Study of Law and India’s Society: The Galanter Factor

Moog pursues three related themes or lines of inquiry that have marked her own research, the roots of which are to be found in Marc Galanter\u27s earlier works and the broader law-and-society movement. These include, the significance of lower courts, the role of the local bar, and the evolution of alternatives to formal court proceedings all represent essential areas for exploration in the attempt to understand the successes and failures of the Indian justice system

Accessibility of Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems

A full characterization of accessibility is provided for nonlinear time-delay systems. It generalizes the rank condition which is known for weak controllability of linear time-delay systems, as well as the celebrated geometric approach for delay-free nonlinear systems and the characterization of their accessibility. Besides, fundamental results are derived on integrability and basis completion which are of major importance for a number of general control problems for nonlinear time-delay systems. They are shown to impact preconceived ideas about canonical forms for nonlinear time-delay systems

Why do Employees Leave Their Jobs for Self-Employment? – The Impact of Entrepreneurial Working Conditions in Small Firms

Based on the finding that entrepreneurs who found new firms tend to work as employees of small rather than large firms prior to start-up, we test how different working conditions, which enhance entrepreneurial learning, affect their decision to become entrepreneurs when moderated by firm size. Based on data of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we find a significant relationship between entrepreneurial learning (extracted in an orthogonal factor analysis based on twelve working conditions as proxy for entrepreneurial human capital and work experience) and firm size when predicting the probability of leaving paid employment for self-employment. We think, that this is a special kind of knowledge spillover. We also control for other aspects such as gender, age, wage, etc. – factors that may potentially influence the decision to become self-employed. Thus, our analysis sheds new light onto the black box of SMEs as a hotbed of new start-ups.Entrepreneurship, Occupational Choice, Working Conditions, Human Capital

On the geometric interpretation of the Polynomial Lie Bracket for nonlinear time-delay systems

Time-delay systems are infinite dimensional, thus standard differential geometric tools can not be applied in a straightforward way. Though, thanks to a suitable extended Lie Bracket - or Polynomial Lie Bracket - which has been introduced recently, it is still possible to build up a geometric framework to tackle the analysis and synthesis problems for nonlinear time delay systems. The major contribution herein is to show that those geometric generalizations are not just formal, but are interpreted in terms of successive forward and backward flows similarly to the Lie Bracket of delay free vector fields

Integrability for Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems

In this note, the notion of integrability is defined for 1-forms defined in the time-delay context. While in the delay-free case, a set of 1-forms defines a vector space, it is shown that 1-forms computed for time-delay systems have to be viewed as elements of a module over a certain non-commutative polynomial ring. Two notions of integrability are defined, strong and weak integrability, which coincide in the delay-free case. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given to check if a set of 1-forms is strongly or weakly integrable. To show the importance of the topic, integrability of 1-forms is used to characterize the accessibility property for nonlinear time-delay systems. The possibility of transforming a system into a certain normal form is also considered

Structural accessibility and structural observability of nonlinear networked systems

The classical notions of structural controllability and structural observability are receiving increasing attention in Network Science, since they provide a mathematical basis to answer how the network structure of a dynamic system affects its controllability and observability properties. However, these two notions are formulated assuming systems with linear dynamics, which significantly limit their applicability. To overcome this limitation, here we introduce and fully characterize the notions "structural accessibility" and "structural observability" for systems with nonlinear dynamics. We show how nonlinearities make easier the problem of controlling and observing networked systems, reducing the number of variables that are necessary to directly control and directly measure. Our results contribute to understanding better the role that the network structure and nonlinearities play in our ability to control and observe complex dynamic systems

MOOG: World Leader in Flight Control Systems and Critical Control Products

Moog is the world’s premier designer, manufacturer, and integrator of flight control systems for military and commercial aircraft. We are positioned today on virtually every aircraft in the marketplace

Earlier or Later: A General Equilibrium Analysis of Bringing Forward an Already Announced Tax Reform

The German Income Tax Reform 2000, which announced a reduction in income tax rates to be implemented in a series of three stages, was welcomed by the public as a step towards unleashing lurking growth potentials. Nonetheless, in the course of the year 2001 a dispute arose, centering around the question as to whether or not the later stages of the German Income Tax Reform should be brought forward. The present paper assesses the welfare and macroeconomic consequences of the German Income Tax Reform in the scope of a simplified DGE model of the Auerbach-Kotlikoff type and deals explicitly with the issue of bringing forward an already announced tax reform. As well as evaluating the considered fiscal policy options in terms of their (social) welfare implications we also touch on the political economy aspects of implementing a tax reform.German Tax Reform, early tax reform, overlapping generations, DGE model

Earlier Or Later: A General Equilibrium Analysis of Bringing Forward an Already Announced Tax Reform

The German Income Tax Reform 2000, which announced a reduction in income tax rates to be implemented in a series of three stages, was welcomed by the public as a step towards unleashing lurking growth potentials. Nonetheless, in the course of the year 2001 a dispute arose, centering around the question, whether or not the later stages of the German Income Tax Reform should be brought forward. The present paper assesses the welfare and macroeconomic consequences of the German Income Tax Reform in the scope of a simplified DGE model of the Auerbach-Kotlikoff type and deals explicitly with the issue of bringing forward an already announced tax reform. Besides evaluating the considered fiscal policy options in terms of their (social) welfare implications we touch on the political economy aspects of implementing a tax reform.German Tax Reform, early tax reform, overlapping generations, DGE model

MacSim: Ein Simulationsmodell zur Analyse der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der demografischen Entwicklung in Deutschland

Wie für die meisten industrialisierten Länder stellt der demografische Wandel in den kommenden Dekaden auch für die deutsche Volkswirtschaft eine bedeutende Herausforderung dar. Angesichts der seit den 1970er Jahren geringen Fertilitätsrate und der zunehmenden Lebenserwartung wird sich der Altenquotient bis zum Jahr 2050 verdoppeln. Zur Quantifizierung der mikro- und makroökonomischen Auswirkungen des demografischenWandels in Deutschland wird im vorliegenden Beitrag ein berechenbares allgemeines Gleichgewichtsmodell formuliert und für das Basisjahr 2005 kalibriert. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass das kalibrierte Modell im Ausgangsgleichgewicht die wesentlichen gesamtwirtschaftlichen Fakten und Kennziffern der staatlichen Aktivität des Jahres 2005 abbilden kann. Entsprechend des Rückgangs der Erwerbspersonenzahl während des demografischen Übergangs impliziert das Modell eine zunehmende Knappheit des Faktors Arbeit. Wachstumsbereinigt wird diese bis zum Jahr 2030 zu einem Anstieg der Löhne um etwa drei Prozentpunkte und einem Rückgang des realen Kapitalmarktzinses um etwa einen Prozentpunkt führen. Im Falle der Sozialversicherungen ist dabei bis zum Jahr 2050 mit einem Anstieg des Beitragssatzes der Rentenversicherung um acht, der Krankenversicherung um vier und der Pflegeversicherung um zwei Prozentpunkte zu rechnen