Word Sense Disambiguation Focusing on POS Tag Disambiguation in Persian:

The present study deals with ambiguity at word level focusing on homographs. In different languages, homographs may cause ambiguity in text processing. In Persian, the number of homographs is high due to its orthographic structure as well as its complex derivational and inflectional morphology. In this study, a broad list of homographs was extracted from some Persian corpora first. The list indicates that the number of homographs in Persian corpora is high and homographs with high frequency are those that occur as a result of the identical orthographic representation of some inflectional and derivational morphemes. Based on the list, the most frequent homographs are nouns and adjectives ending in <ی> /i/. POS tag disambiguation of such homographs would make word sense disambiguation easier and lead to better text processing. In this study, a list of noun and adjective homographs ending in <ی> is extracted in order to decide their correct POS tag. The result was studied to extract context-sensitive rules for allocating the right POS tag to the homograph in syntactic structures. The accuracy of rules was checked, and the result showed that the accuracy of most rules is high which proves most rules are true

Iran’s Representation in news Discourse: A Corpus-driven Analysis of NOW Database

The main thrust of the present study was to explore the ideological perspective based on which the monolithic word “Iran” was presented in NOW (News on the Web) as the largest online news corpora. Having resorted to both corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis, the word “Iran” was explored in terms of collocates, their categories, context and micro- as well as macro-discursive structures inspired by Van Dijk’s (2006) model. It was shown that most of the collocates have indexed “Iran” mainly in relation to “conflict” and “violence” while others were, in effect, supporting the threatening role played by Iran in the middle-east and in the world. The study also revealed that the representation of “Iran” is in line with “other-negative representation” ideology employed unanimously by the news on web (NOW) which attempts to represent, reproduce and control the way “Iran” is depicted by manipulating lexical, structural, semantic and syntactic features

Un estudio del corpus de medidas de duración rítmica del dialecto Kalhori del Kurdo

In order to identify between-sentence and between-speaker variabilities, one of the methods used by phoneticians is studying durational rhythmic features. In the present research, to classify speech rhythm of Kalhori, a variety of Kurdish, and to find out about the most appropriate measures for between-sentence and between-speaker rhythmic variability in Kalhori, durational speech rhythmic measures were analyzed. To this end, two speaking styles (read and spontaneous) were explored. The analysis of the read corpus revealed that Kalhori Kurdish rhythm pattern is between stress-timed and syllable-timed. The results indicated that %V (proportion over which speech is vocalic) was the most significant measure for distinguishing between-sentence rhythmic variability in the read corpus, while %V and rateSyl (syllable rate) were the most efficient measures for identifying the between-speaker rhythmic variability in both the read and spontaneous corpus.Uno de los métodos empleados en fonética para identificar la variabilidad entre oraciones y hablantes es el estudio de las características rítmicas. En este estudio, se han analizado algunas métricas temporales de ritmo en kalhori (una variedad del kurdo) para descubrir las que mejor explican la variabilidad rítmica entre oraciones y entre hablantes. Con este fin, se han utilizado dos estilos de habla: lectura y habla espontánea. El análisis del corpus de lectura demostró que el tipo de ritmo del kurdo kalhori se puede situar en el medio del continuo entre lenguas de ritmo acentual y lenguas de ritmo silábico. Los resultados indican que la métrica más adecuada para explicar la variabilidad rítmica entre oraciones en el corpus leído fue %V (proporción de vocales sobre el total de habla), mientras que %V y rateSyl (número de sílabas pronunciadas por minuto) fueron las métricas más eficientes para identificar la variabilidad rítmica entre hablantes, tanto en el corpus leído como en el espontáneo

The relation between metaphor and impoliteness in the context of interpersonal media gossip

The present study aims at examining the possible relation between metaphor and impoliteness in the context of interpersonal media gossip. To this end, we collected data related to 20 celebrities (10 actors and 10 actresses) regarding 60 linguistic situations that occurred from August 2018 to April 2020. Words under examination were 51449. According to the findings of the study, human conceptualization based on source domains such as shit/ animal waste matter, useless things, cartoon/ fictional characters, useless money, dirty substance, imaginary/ metaphysical beings, mushroom, bread, weekdays, fat, and disease/blight were accompanied by impoliteness. These findings justify the role of impoliteness in confirming the direct relation between metaphor and impoliteness to the extent that human is considered as one of the above domains. Interpersonal media gossip prepares the grounds for the use of 345 metaphors along with impoliteness which has its roots in special features of this type of gossip. Among all source domains, concepts such as shit/ animal waste matter are of the highest frequencies. Among impoliteness strategies related to naming, one must point to the negative impoliteness sub-strategy. Language users attempt to hurt the positive face of people from themselves by using positive impoliteness

Relatório de estágio em farmácia comunitária

Relatório de estágio realizado no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbr

A Corpus-based Approach to Cognitive Metaphors in Persian: The Study of Fear Target Domain

The present research investigates the metaphorical conceptualization of fear target domain in Persian based on Conceptual Theory of Metaphor. For the mentioned purpose, the Corpus-based method of Metaphorical Pattern Analysis is applied to Hamshahri Corpus 2 and after data analysis, 39 source domains are identified for the fear target domain. One of the results of this research is determining the productivity of all the source domains based on their frequency of occurrences in the corpus. Also, after comparing the results of the present research with those of ones in which collecting data for fear domain has been done by traditional methods, the superiority of the Corpus-based method of the present research is approved. Another significant finding of the present research is the identification of prototypical and non-prototypical models of the fear target domain in Persian

The Role of Metaphor and Metonymy in the Semantics of Persian Adjectival Preverbs: A Cognitive Linguistics Approach

In this paper, a semantic classification for Persian adjectival preverbs based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory is presented: adjectival preverbs that demonstrate metaphorical shift and adjectival preverbs which lack metaphorical shift. The metaphors involved in the first subclass of adjectival preverbs are motivated by a certain type of conceptual metonymy known as “Effect for Cause”. The second subclass covers preverbs whose combinations with the light verb does not show any metaphorical shift. Having detected two mentioned cognitive processes in the formation of the semantics of the complex predicates containing the first subclass of preverbs, the compositional nature of the semantics of the predicates was realized and two new meanings for “kærdæn” (to do) as a light verb in Persian complex predicates were proposed: to become and to make oneself. Another finding of this paper is the introduction of “/pejda kærd/” as the first two-word light verb of Persian

Representation of Major Religious Orientations in American Discourse: A Corpus-based Analysis

This study outlines how the aid of both corpus-based sociolinguistics and principles of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) can help expose the subtle value-laden ideological representations of major religious orientations in American discourse. To do this, COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) and Van Dijk’s Discursive Strategy Framework (2004) were employed. Results indicated that the most highly used strategy was Lexicalization. It was further revealed that this discursive strategy was utilized to convey certain positive or negative connotations in the audience’s mind regarding different religious and belief systems. Accordingly, the most politicized religion was Islam, while Buddhism was the least politicized one. Its representation was also not as ideologically-loaded compared to other belief systems. Christianity was politicized, too, but mostly in terms of religious and historical-religious issues and events. Shifts in ideological representation of Judaism have been completely palpable. Finally, atheism has been depicted in COCA as a long-running belief system highly attributed to bona fide scientists, progressive-minded people, and the LGBTQ community