The Frisian Popular Militias between 1480 and 1560

In the late Middle Ages and early modern times, able-bodied men between sixteen and sixty years of age were called upon all over Europe to participate in raids, sieges and battles, for the defense of home and hearth. Because these men are regarded as amateurs, military historiography has paid little attention to their efforts. This book aims to change that by studying the mobilization, organization and weaponry of popular levies for a time when war was frequently waged between states in the making. Central to the book is the composition and development of the rural and urban militias in Friesland, dissected in a comparative Northwest European perspective, along with an examination of why the self-defense of the Frisians ultimately failed in their efforts to preserve their political autonomy. The main source is an extensive series of muster lists from 1552 that have survived for six cities and fourteen rural districts

The Frisian Popular Militias between 1480 and 1560

In the late Middle Ages and early modern times, able-bodied men between sixteen and sixty years of age were called upon all over Europe to participate in raids, sieges and battles, for the defense of home and hearth. Because these men are regarded as amateurs, military historiography has paid little attention to their efforts. This book aims to change that by studying the mobilization, organization and weaponry of popular levies for a time when war was frequently waged between states in the making. Central to the book is the composition and development of the rural and urban militias in Friesland, dissected in a comparative Northwest European perspective, along with an examination of why the self-defense of the Frisians ultimately failed in their efforts to preserve their political autonomy. The main source is an extensive series of muster lists from 1552 that have survived for six cities and fourteen rural districts

Food matters : arguments for an ethnography of daily care

In public debates about the desirability of force feeding in the Netherlands the inclination of people with dementia to refrain from eating and drinking tends to be either taken as their gut-way of expressing their will, or as a symptom of their disease running its natural course. An ethnographic inquiry into daily care, however, gives a quite different insight in fasting by relating it to common practices of eating and drinking in nursing homes. In a nursing home eating and drinking are important social activities that may be shaped quite differently. And while necessary for survival, food and drink also have other qualities: taste, temperature, texture, smell. Whether we want it or not, in the end we all die. But with different modes of care come different modes of dying and of living

Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) from the North Sea

The first record of arctic fox Alopex lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Eurogeul area (North Sea) is reported based on a distal humerus fragment collected by private collectors from dredged sediments on ‘De Zandmotor’. It was radiocarbon dated to 29,900 + 550/- 490 BP (GrA-69520), which is younger than most Late Pleistocene fossils from this area. Besides adding a new species to the faunal list of the Eurogeul area, this specimen also demonstrates the value of beaches nourished with dredged sediments and highlights the importance of close cooperation between all parties interested in palaeontology: from collector to researcher. The discovery prompted re-examination of the other arctic fox specimen from the North Sea, a femur of which the identification is here confirmed and measurements are provided

De Epposteen van Rinsumageest

This article focuses on the so-called 'Eppo stone': a beautifully hewn tomb-cover dating from the middle of the fourteenth century with a detailed, realistic representation of a young man that is unparalleled in the entire Frisian coastal region. The stone originates from the village of Rinsumageest, near Dokkum, where it was fixed to the north-east side of the church until the middle of the nineteenth century. At the moment the stone is in the depot of the Fries Museum. For the interpretation of the edge inscription and the description of the figure one used to rely on the article devoted to the subject by the erudite L.J.F. Janssen in 1865. Upon closer examination it appears that some major corrections can be made in his text and the representation also reveals details that were not noticed before. The depiction of a jumping pole in the hands of the young man, for instance, indicates a specific regional Frisian context. However, the main point is that it was possible to establish the exact names of Eppo's parents and brothers, from which it can be concluded that his family had better be placed among the nobility of northern Oostergo. This confirms the assumption that it concerns ancestors of the owners of the country estate 'Tjaardastate', whom we did not know by name until the fifteenth century. The question whether the stone used to cover a sarcophagus and where that sarcophagus was originally placed, cannot be answered yet. At the end of the article it is suggested that the stone coffin had been interred in the crypt of the church of Rinsumageest; a crypt that may date from the twelfth century and was possibly used in the fourteenth century by the dominant noble family in the village in memory of themselves

Friese edelen, hun kapitaal en boerderijen in de vijftiende en zestiende eeuw

De Friese adel van de late middeleeuwen opereerde in een niet-feodaal gebied dat lange tijd geen landsheer kende. Hadden de leden, hoofdelingen genaamd, zich uit de boerenstand omhooggewerkt of vormden ze vanouds een gesloten stand? Hoe zat het met hun vermogen? Dit boek zoomt in op Rienck Hemmema en zijn vrouw Ath Roorda. Zij exploiteerden in de jaren 1569-1573 een boerderij in Hitzum onder Franeker. Uit Riencks Rekenboeck blijkt dat hij geen eigenerfde boer was, maar een edelman met een royale levensstijl en meer inkomsten dan uit die ene boerderij. Een ruimtelijke reconstructie van zijn bezit en dat van zijn voorgeslacht toont hoe agrarisch kapitaal per generatie werd gevormd en overgedragen. Dit beeld wordt getoetst aan een Quote 200 uit 1513 en huwelijksakten uit 1450-1550. Een belangrijke conclusie is dat de Friese adel getalsmatig omvangrijk was, met veel families die leefden van twee of drie boerderijen. De figuur van de edelman-boer kwam dus vaak voor

Wind erosion processes and related glyphosate transport in the loess pampean region of Córdoba province, Argentina

The results of this experiment will provide: Insight on glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in wind-eroded sediment; Valuable information on the losses of glyphosate and AMPA to off-site environments due to wind erosion; A strong contribution to the Argentinean decision makers, stakeholders and the international community in the knowledge of glyphosate/AMPA transport by wind erosion, and its potential impact to the environment and human health.Fil: Bento, Célia P. M. Wageningen University. Soil Physics and Land Management; Países Bajos.Fil: Geissen, Violette. Wageningen University. Soil Physics and Land Management; Países Bajos.Fil: Riksen, Michel. Wageningen University. Soil Physics and Land Management; Países Bajos.Fil: Mol, Hans. Wageningen University. Research Centre. RIKILT Institute of Food Safety; Países Bajos.Fil: Murialdo, Raquel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Ritsema, Coen. Wageningen University. Soil Physics and Land Management; Países Bajos.Fil: Reyna, Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Otras Ingeniería del Medio Ambient

Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring during diabetic pregnancy (GlucoMOMS trial); a randomised controlled trial

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