Hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the different sewer deposits in the ‘Le Marais’ catchment (Paris, France): stocks, distributions and origins

International audienceThe knowledge of the pollution stored in combined sewers is of prime importance in terms of management of wet weather flow pollution since sewer deposits play a significant role as source of pollution in combined sewer overflows. This work, which focused on the hydrocarbon (aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons) and metallic (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd) pollution fixed to the different kinds of sewer deposits (gross bed sediment wGBSx, organic layer wOLx and biofilm), was performed in order to provide a complete overview of the contaminant storage in the ‘Le Marais’ combined sewer (Central Paris, France).Firstly , our results have shown that, for all kinds of pollutants, a major part was stored in the GBS (87 to 98%), a lesser part in the OL (2 to 13%) and an insignificant part in the biofilm (< 1%). These results demonstrated that the potential contribution of biofilm to wet weather pollution was negligible compared to the OL one. Secondly, the investigation of hydrocarbon fingerprints in each deposit has provided relevant information about contamination origins: (1) aliphatic hydrocarbon distributions were indicative of petroleum input in the GBS and reflected a mixture of biogenic and petroleum inputs in the OL and biofilm, (2) aromatic hydrocarbon distributions suggested an important pyrolytic contamination in all the deposits.Finally , the study of pollutant fingerprints in the different deposits and in the suspended solids going through the collector has shown that: (1) the suspended solids were the major component of OL and biofilm while urban runoff seemed to be the main transport mechanism introducing pollutants in the GBS and (2) the residence times in sewer of OL and biofilm were quite short compared to those for GBS.

State of Art about water uses and wastewater management in Lebanon

12 p.International audienceThis paper shows the real situation about management of water and wastewater in Lebanon and focuses on problems related to urban water pollution released in environment. Water and wastewater infrastructures have been rebuilt since 1992. However, wastewater management still remains one of the greatest challenges facing Lebanese people, since water supply projects have been given priority over wastewater projects. As a consequence of an increased demand of water by agricultural, industrial and household sectors in the last decade, wastewater flows have been increased. In this paper, the existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) operating in Lebanon are presented. Most of them are small-scale community-based ones, only two large-scale plants, constructed by the government, are currently operational. Lebanese aquatic ecosystems are suffering from the deterioration of water quality because of an insufficient treatment of wastewater, which is limited mostly to pre-treatment processes. In fact, domestic and industrial effluents are mainly conducted together in the sewer pipes to the WWTP before being discharged, without adequate treatment into the rivers or directly into the Mediterranean Sea. Such discharges are threatening the coastal marine ecosystem in the Mediterranean basin. This paper aims at giving the current state of knowledge about water uses and wastewater management in Lebanon. The main conclusion drawn from this state of art is a lack of data. In fact, the available data are limited to academic researches without being representative on a national scale

Meta-analysis of environmental contamination by phtalates

Introduction: Phthalate Acid Esters (PAE), commonly named Phthalates, are toxics classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds; they are primarily used as additives to improve the flexibility in polyvinyl chloride. Occurrence: Many studies have reported the occurrence of phthalates in different environmental matrices, however none of these studies has yet establish a complete overview for those compounds in the water cycle within an urban environment. This review summarizes PAE concentrations for all environmental media throughout the water cycle, from atmosphere to receiving waters. Once the occurrences of compounds have been evaluated for each environmental compartment (urban wastewater, wastewater treatment plants, atmosphere and the natural environment), data are reviewed in order to identify the fate of PAE in the environment and establish whether geographical and historical trends exist. Indeed, geographical and historical trends appear between Europe and other countries such as USA/Canada and China, however they remain location-dependent. Discussion: This study aimed at identifying both the correlations existing between environmental compartments and the processes influencing the fate and transport of these contaminants into the environment. In Europe, the concentrations measured in waterways today represent the background level of contamination, which provides evidence of a past diffuse pollution. In contrast, an increasing trend has actually been observed for developing countries, especially for China

Priority pollutants in urban stormwater: Part 2 - Case of combined sewers

Postprint de l'article : Priority pollutants in urban stormwater in urban stormwater - Case of combined sewers. J. Gasperi, S. Zgheib, M. Cladière, V. Rocher, R. Moilleron, G. Chebbo. Water research, special issue on urban stormwater 2011International audienceThis study has evaluated the quality of combined sewer overflows (CSO) in an urban watershed, such as Paris, by providing accurate data on the occurrence of priority pollutants (PPs) and additional substances, as well as on the significance of their concentrations in comparison with wastewater and stormwater. Of the 88 substances monitored, 49 PPs were detected, with most of these also being frequently encountered in wastewater and stormwater, thus confirming their ubiquity in urban settings. For the majority of organic substances, concentrations range between 0.01 and 1 µg.l-1, while metals tend to display concentrations above 10 µg.l-1. Despite this ubiquity, CSO, wastewater and stormwater feature a number of differences in both their concentration ranges and pollutant patterns. For most hydrophobic organic pollutants and some particulate-bound metals, CSOs exhibit higher concentrations than those found in stormwater and wastewater, due to the contribution of in-sewer deposit erosion. For pesticides and Zn, CSOs have shown concentrations close to those of stormwater, suggesting runoff as the major contributor, while wastewater appears to be the main source of volatile organic compounds. Surprisingly, similar concentration ranges have been found for DEHP and tributyltin compounds in CSOs, wastewater and stormwater. The last section of this article identifies substances for which CSO discharges might constitute a major risk of exceeding Environmental Quality Standards in receiving waters and moreover indicates a significant risk for PAHs, tributyltin compounds and chloroalkanes. The data generated during this survey can subsequently be used to identify PPs of potential significance that merit further investigation

Removal of emerging micropollutants from wastewater discharges by powdered and micro-grain activated carbon - Progress of the CarboPlus® project

International audienceThe implementation of a tertiary treatment in conventional wastewater treatment plants is more and more considered by managers to reduce the emerging contaminant discharges into the aquatic environment. In this context, a collaboration between the public sanitation service of Paris conurbation and the Water Environment and Urban Systems laboratory has been initiated since 2013 to study at large scale a pilot (CarboPlus® - SAUR/STEREAU) based on a high concentration fluidized bed activated carbon reactor (>100 kg/m3) with continuous fresh activated carbon injection. The objectives of this project are to i) characterize the efficiency of the process for emerging pollutants for powdered (PAC) and micro-grain (µGAC) activated carbons, ii) characterize the parameters influencing the sorption mechanism (organic matter, operating parameters, activated carbon structure and properties, etc.) and iii) identify the eventual improvements of the conventional quality parameters.In addition to the 14 campaigns already performed in 2013 in PAC configuration, 14 campaigns have been planed in 2014 (8 already performed) to study the fate of 131 micropollutants, including 61 pharmaceuticals and hormones and 70 other emerging pollutants, in addition to conventional wastewater parameters. This presentation aims at displaying the pilot efficiency in µGAC configuration and comparing it to the PAC configuration. The use of µGAC instead of PAC has several operational and economical advantages, but this new type of carbon was never tested with wastewater. Based on the first 8 campaigns, the results tend to indicate that the pilot is as efficient with µGAC than with PAC. In particular, ketoprofen, paracetamol, ibuprofen, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, roxithromycin, atenolol, propranolol, carbamazepine, oxazepam, lorazepam and estrone have removals higher than 80% in average. In addition, first results on the other emerging micropollutants show high or very high removals for pesticides (60-95%), bisphenol A (60-90%), alkylphenols (60-95%), PFOS (75-95%) and X-ray contrast agents (50-70%). Moreover, the high solid retention time (60-90 days) of the µGAC leads to a biological activity within the reactor, as displayed by NO2- (65-99%) and NH4+ (20-70%) removals. However, the results are still partial at this stage of the project, another µGAC dose is currently tested on the pilot and complementary lab-scale tests are still performed to better understand the sorption mechanism

Changements de pratiques dans les produits cosmétiques des lanceurs d'alerte aux impacts sur le milieu aquatique

International audiencePrésentation du projet Cosmet'ea

Inter-laboratory mass spectrometry dataset based on passive sampling of drinking water for non-target analysis

Non-target analysis (NTA) employing high-resolution mass spectrometry is a commonly applied approach for the detection of novel chemicals of emerging concern in complex environmental samples. NTA typically results in large and information-rich datasets that require computer aided (ideally automated) strategies for their processing and interpretation. Such strategies do however raise the challenge of reproducibility between and within different processing workflows. An effective strategy to mitigate such problems is the implementation of inter-laboratory studies (ILS) with the aim to evaluate different workflows and agree on harmonized/standardized quality control procedures. Here we present the data generated during such an ILS. This study was organized through the Norman Network and included 21 participants from 11 countries. A set of samples based on the passive sampling of drinking water pre and post treatment was shipped to all the participating laboratories for analysis, using one pre-defined method and one locally (i.e. in-house) developed method. The data generated represents a valuable resource (i.e. benchmark) for future developments of algorithms and workflows for NTA experiments

Introduction et stockage des hydrocarbures et des éléments métalliques dans le réseau d'assainissement unitaire parisien

Les dépôts accumulés dans le réseau d'assainissement par temps sec contribuent fortement à la pollution des rejets urbains de temps de pluie. La lutte contre ces rejets suppose que l'on dispose d'informations précises sur la pollution stockée au sein des réseaux d'assainissement. Ce travail a amélioré les connaissances sur le stockage des hydrocarbures et des métaux dans les 3 dépôts de réseau (dépôt grossier, couche organique, biofilm) et sur la fluctuation spatiale de la pollution à l'échelle du réseau d'assainissement. De plus, ce travail a permis la caractérisation des 3 voies d'introduction de polluants dans le réseau d'assainissement les ruissellements de toitures, de chaussées (ruissellement de temps de pluie et lavage de la voirie) et les apports directs (effluents domestiques, de restauration, etc.). Pour chacune de ces voies d'introduction, les approches quantitatives (teneurs et flux) et qualitatives (signatures) ont été combinées.The development of combined sewer overflow (CSO) management strategies requires an improved knowledge on the pollutant loads in sewer deposits since many authors have underlined their significant role as source of pollution in CSO discharges. At first, this work lias irnproved the knowledge on the storage of hydrocarbon and metallic pollutants in the 3 kinds of sewer deposits (gross bed sediment, organic layer, biofilm) and on the spatial fluctuation of pollution at the Paris combined sewer scale. The second part of this work concerns the pollutant loads conveyed by the different introductory source pathways to the sewer i.e. roof runoff, road runoff including road runoff during ram events and street cleaning, and sewer effluents (dornestic waste waters, restaurant effluents, etc.). For all these samples, quantitative (contents and fluxes) and qualitative (fingerprints) approaches have been combined.SudocFranceF

Introduction et stockage des hydrocarbures et des éléments métalliques dans le réseau d'assainissement unitaire parisien

Les dépôts accumulés dans le réseau d'assainissement par temps sec contribuent fortement à la pollution des rejets urbains de temps de pluie. La lutte contre ces rejets suppose que l'on dispose d'informations précises sur la pollution stockée au sein des réseaux d'assainissement. Ce travail a amélioré les connaissances sur le stockage des hydrocarbures et des métaux dans les 3 dépôts de réseau (dépôt grossier, couche organique, biofilm) et sur la fluctuation spatiale de la pollution à l'échelle du réseau d'assainissement. De plus, ce travail a permis la caractérisation des 3 voies d'introduction de polluants dans le réseau d'assainissement les ruissellements de toitures, de chaussées (ruissellement de temps de pluie et lavage de la voirie) et les apports directs (effluents domestiques, de restauration, etc.). Pour chacune de ces voies d'introduction, les approches quantitatives (teneurs et flux) et qualitatives (signatures) ont été combinées.The development of combined sewer overflow (CSO) management strategies requires an improved knowledge on the pollutant loads in sewer deposits since many authors have underlined their significant role as source of pollution in CSO discharges. At first, this work lias irnproved the knowledge on the storage of hydrocarbon and metallic pollutants in the 3 kinds of sewer deposits (gross bed sediment, organic layer, biofilm) and on the spatial fluctuation of pollution at the Paris combined sewer scale. The second part of this work concerns the pollutant loads conveyed by the different introductory source pathways to the sewer i.e. roof runoff, road runoff including road runoff during ram events and street cleaning, and sewer effluents (dornestic waste waters, restaurant effluents, etc.). For all these samples, quantitative (contents and fluxes) and qualitative (fingerprints) approaches have been combined.PARIS12-CRETEIL BU Multidisc. (940282102) / SudocMARNE LA VALLEE-ENPC-RECHERCHE (774682302) / SudocSudocFranceF