Basic Components in Creating Contents for Mathematics Subject Using Digital Wayang Kulit: A Conceptual Model

This research intends to develop a conceptual model that illustrates how multimedia approaches could be used to enhance teaching and learning of a Mathematics subject in primary school as well as to preserve Wayang Kulit in younger generation. A prototype will be developed to demonstrate how the content of a standard one Mathematics subject in primary school could be transferred into multimedia form. The prototype is developed in a form of Digital Wayang Kulit to present the contents based on the syllabus of Mathematics education using the actors of Wayang Kulit

Effect of injection moulding process parameters on plastic part quality in transparent glass mould

The effect of injection process parameters on plastic part quality such as dimensional shrinkage (DS) and warpage deflection (WD) is studied using visualisation method of transparent glass mould. Injection moulding machine parameters such as injection time, holding time, injection pressure, packing pressure, mould temperature, and melt temperature are selected. The injection machine parameters are set-up to find the effectiveness of the responses that are DS and WD. Gate location at centre, left and right side of product will be taken consideration of polymer flow in machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD). To ensure flow pattern can be easily seen, master batch will be mixed with plastic pellet. Further, image from visualization results will be compared with simulation modelling, to get the reasons, how polymer flow in mould cavity affected the DS and WD. The optimization process in simulation will be analyzed using Moldflow software. Selection the best injection parameters will be selected from modelling simulation. Then, simulation analysis of product quality on DS and WD will be performed. Finally, validation will be performed by measured the moulded plastic part using optical profile projector. Our expectation is that DS and WD of plastic part at MD and TD can be reduced through analysis of polymer flow image with the help of experimental and simulation analysis

Prediction of Cutting Force in End Milling of Inconel 718

Inconel is prominently known as a hard material to be machined. Due to stability during extreme temperature, it is widely used in aerospace components especially turbine blade (Kitagawa et al. , 1997, Ulutan and Ozel, 2011). Some processes require ball end type due to intricate and complex shape. This curve cutting tip tool reduces stress concentration. However, the complex shape of round nose geometry exhibit tool wear mode that different than flat end milling tool (Aspinwall et al. , 2007). Studies from previous researchers found that the interrupted cutting process causes flaking especially during machining high tensile strength (Figure 1) (Kasim et al. , 2013). This paper presents the effect of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on the cutting force when machining Inconel 718 under minimum quantity lubrication. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used in the experiment, and a Box–Behnken design was used to determine the cause and effect of the relationship between the four cutting parameters and cutting force. The investigation milling parameters were cutting speed (100, 120, and 140 m/min), feed rate (0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mm/tooth), axial depth of cut (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mm) and radial depth of cut (0.2, 1, and 1.8 mm). The result shows that the radial depth of cut was the dominating factor controlling cutting force, it was followed by axial depth of cut and feed rate. The relationship between cutting force of various factors was expressed in a three-dimensional response graph (Figure 2). The second order prediction cutting force equation (1) was developed with a 95% confidence level. The optimum condition required for minimum cutting force include cutting speed of 110 m/min, feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev, axial depth of cut of 0.5 mm, and radial depth of cut of 0.25 mm. The error between the predictive model and the actual of cutting force was less than 3%. With this optimum condition, a cutting force of 144N was obtained

Effects of End Mill Helix Angle on Accuracy for Machining Thin-Rib Aerospace Component

Accuracy of machined component is one of the challenging tasks for manufacturer. In the aerospace industry, machining process is widely used for fabrication of unitized-monolithic component that contains a thin-walled structure. During machining, the cutting forces cause deflection to the thin-wall section, leading to dimensional form errors that cause the finished part to be out of specification or failure. Most of the existing research for machining thin-wall component only concentrated on the process planning and the effects of cutter geometric feature is often neglected. Tool geometric feature has a direct influence on the cutting performance and should not be neglected in the machining consideration. This paper reports on the effect of helix angle on the magnitude of wall deflection. The established effects will be used for the development of high performance cutting tool for specifically machining thin-wall componen

Trajectory Tracking Of A Mobile Robot System

This paper presents an efficient method of mobile robot navigation in an indoor environment. The robot not only helps workers reduce heavy workload, it also protects workers’ physical and mental health from the work-related-stress. However, the navigation of mobile robot in an indoor environment is a challenging task to accomplish due to the requirement to avoid any nearby obstacle during motion. In this paper, the objectives were to design and develop of mobile robot that is able to navigate from one location to another, analyze the accuracy of line following sensor and analyze the trajectory tracking of a mobile robot. In conclusion, the experimental results show that the mobile robot able to reach the target destination successfully without the collision with obstacles, for different types of trajectory patterns using the masking tape width of 18mm with the develop algorithm

Transforming Linear Laser Cutting machine Into Laser Lathing – An Empirical Investigation & Evaluation of Roundness Quality

Lasers are widely used in industries as cutting tools due to ultra-flexibility cutting capabilities in obtaining high quality end product while posing advantage of quick set up, non-mechanical contact mechanics, and small region of heat affected zone. This paper presents the laser lathing performance of 2D CO2 flatbed laser cutting machine by investigating the roundness quality. A specially designed mechanism was developed to clamp and spin a steel rod of 10mm diameter cylindrical workpiece on X to Y sacrificial table. Three significant cutting parameters were controlled in this experiment namely; cutting speed, spinning speed and depth of cut. The experiments were carried out based on DOE full factorial matrix design. The results were realistic, promising and efficient as compared to manual lathes within the same range of workpiece properties and dimension

Evaluation of Mechanical Performance of Homopolymer Polypropylene/Kenaf Fibre/ Binder using Full Factorial Method

The mechanical performance of kenaf fibre/homopolymer polypropylene/binder composites was studied. Tensile test was used to investigate the tensile strength, tensile modulus and percentage of elongation. Kenaf fibre-homopolymer polypropylene (KFHPP) composites were compounded in an internal batch mixer with the ratio of 10:90, 30:70 and 50:50 in weight fraction. Furthermore, maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as a binder with 1, 3 and 5 % expressed as percentage of weight ratio was mixed in KFHPP composites. A hot pressing machine was used for producing samples of dog bone. From this study, it is found that the tensile strength and tensile modulus increase with increasing kenaf fibre loading and higher percentage of MAPP. In addition, the elongation at break for KFHPP composites shows lower result for increasing kenaf fibre loading. However, when the percentage of MAPP added to KFHPP composites increases, the elongation at break increased slightly. Thus, the result shows that the binder can enhance the interaction between kenaf fibre and homopolymer polypropylene composites, with resulted in better tensile strength and tensile modulus but less function at elongation at break

Design Consideration For Design A Flat And Ring Plastics Part Using Solidworks Software

Various considerations on design of plastic injection moulded parts were applied in initial stage to prevent any defects of end products. Therefore, the objective of this project is to design the plastic injection moulded part by taking consideration on several factors such as draft angle, corner radius and location of gate. In this project, flat plastic part, ring plastic part, core inserts for flat and ring plastic part were designed using SolidWorks software. The plastic part was drawn in sketching mode then the 3D modeling of solid part was generated using various commands. Considerations of plastic part such as draft angle and corner radius with location of gate was considered in the design stage. Finally, it was successfully designed the two plastic parts with their respectively insert by using SolidWorks software. The flat plastic part and ring plastic part were designed for the purpose for future researches for study the weld lines, meld lines, air trapped and geometrical size of the product. Thus, by designing the flat plastic part and ring plastic part having core insert on each part, the completed mould design of two plate mould can be considered. This is because, plastic injection parts are needed to be designed properly in order to neglect any defect when the mould was made

Optimization Parameters of Injection Moulding Machine For Reducing Warpage of Dog Bone Plastic Part

The optimization of processing parameters on warpage of polypropylene (PP) in the application of injection moulding machine was studied. The appropriate parameters were adjusted to reduce the warpage defect on the tensile test specimen of dog bone. The type of injection moulding machine used in this research is Arburg 420C 800-250C. Four parameters that have been investigated; injection pressure, clamping pressure, back pressure and holding pressure.A concept of design of experiment (DOE) has been applied using Taguchi method to determine the suitable parameters.To measure the warpage of the dog bone, digital height gauge was used to measure the flatness of the part surface.According the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most significant factor that effect the warpage was holding pressure by 57.82%, followed with back pressure by 25.75%, clamping pressure by 16.27% and injection pressure by 0.16%. Itis found that the optimum parameters setting that have been obtained were injection pressure at 950 bar, clamping pressure at 600 kN, holding pressure at 700 bar and back pressure at 75 bar. The depreciation value of warpage minimum index in this experiment was decreased by 4.6% after confirmation run