Design of Radiation Pattern-Reconfigurable 60-GHz Antenna for 5G Applications

noReconfigurable beam steering using circular disc microstrip patch antenna with a ring slotis proposed. The overall dimension of the antenna is 5.4×5.4 mm2 printed on a 0.504 mm thick, Rogers RT5870 substrate with relative permittivity 2.3 and loss tangent 0.0012. The designed antenna operates at the expected 5G frequency band 60 GHz with a central coaxial probe feed. TwoNMOS switches are configured to generate three different beam patterns. Activating each switch individually results in a near 70 degree shift in the main beam direction, whereas the frequency characteristics are unchanged. The power gains are between 3.9 dB and 4.8dB for the three states of switches configurations. Simulated results in terms of return loss, peak gains and radiation pattern are presented and show a reasonable agreement at the expected 60 GHz bandfor 5G applications.The published journal webpage is no longer available

Performance Comparison of Particle Swarm Optimization, and Genetic Algorithm in the Design of UWB Antenna

yesAn efficient multi-object evolutionary algorithms are proposed for optimizing frequency characteristics of antennas based on an interfacing created by Matlab environment. This interface makes a link with CST Microwave studio where the electromagnetic investigation of antenna is realized. Very small, compact printed monopole antenna is optimized for ultra- wideband (UWB) applications. Two objective functions are introduced; the first function intends to increase the impedance bandwidth, and second function to tune the antenna to resonate at a particular frequency. The two functions operate in the range of 3.2 to 10.6 GHz and depend on the level of return loss. The computed results provide a set of proper design for UWB system in which the bandwidth achieved is 7.5GHz at the resonance frequency 4.48GHz, including relatively stable gain and radiation patterns across the operating band

Design of Frequency Reconfigurable Multiband Compact Antenna using two PIN diodes for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

YesIn this paper, we present a simple reconfigurable multiband antenna with two PIN diode switches for WiMAX/WLAN applications. The antenna permits reconfigurable switching in up to ten frequency bands between 2.2 GHz and 6 GHz, with relative impedance bandwidths of around 2.5% and 8%. The proposed antenna has been simulated using CST microwave studio software and fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. It is compact, with an area of 50 × 45 mm2, and has a slotted ground substrate. Both measured and simulated return loss characteristics of the optimized antenna show that it satisfies the requirement of 2.4/5.8 GHz WLAN and 3.5 GHz WiMAX antenna applications. Moreover, there is good agreement between the measured and simulated result in terms of radiation pattern and gain.Engineering and Physical Science Research Council through Grant EP/E022936A

The Design of a Uniplanar Printed Triple Band-Rejected UWB Antenna using Particle Swarm Optimization and the Firefly Algorithm

YesA compact planar monopole antenna is proposed for ultra-wideband applications. The antenna has a microstrip line feed and band-rejected characteristics and consists of a ring patch and partial ground plane with a defective ground structure of rectangular shape. An annular strip is etched above the radiating element and two slots, one C-shaped and one arc-shaped, are embedded in the radiating patch. The proposed antenna has been optimized using bio-inspired algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization and the Firefly Algorithm, based on a new software algorithm (Antenna Optimizer). Multi-objective optimization achieves rejection bands at 3.3 to 3.7 GHz for WiMAX, 5.15 to 5.825 GHz for the 802.11a WLAN system or HIPERLAN/2, and 7.25 to 7.745 GHz for C-band satellite communication systems. Validated results show wideband performance from 2.7 to 10.6 GHz with S11 ˂ -10 dB. The antenna has compact dimensions of 28 × 30 mm2. The radiation pattern is comparatively stable across the operating band with a relatively stable gain except in the notched bands.This work was supported in part by the United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) under Grant EP/E022936A, TSB UK under grant application KTP008734 and the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Antibacterial Study of Silver, Copper, Gold, and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Prepared by DC and RF Magnetron Sputtering

In this work, the antibacterial activity of nanomaterial’s copper, silver, gold and titanium dioxide sportily was investigated on both gram positive and negative bacteria. Nanoparticles of Cu, Ag, Au and TiO2 films were grown on glass substrates by dc and RF magnetron sputtering techniques. Nanoparticles films deposition were carried out at optimized argon pressure of 5.5×10-2mbar, sputtering plasma power of 30 Watt for Cu, Ag and Au samples and pressure of 1×10-3 mbar, plasma sputtering power of 100 W for TiO2 samples. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aurous were used to evaluate antibacterial activity. In vitro antibacterial analysis indicated that significantly reduced number of used Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aurouswere detected on Agnanoparticles surface compared to an coated substrate surface. Both Cu and Au nanoparticles had inhibited some of pathogenic bacteria and observed over sample area. In the case of TiO2 films the abatement of bacteria, the antibacterial kinetics was observed to occur with the 120 hrs

Green flexible RF for 5G

No5th Generation mobile networks (5G) and mobile communications technologies beyond 2020 will need to be energy aware so as to support services that are likely to be intelligent and bandwidth hungry, as well as to support multi-mode operation (LTE, LTE+, HSDPA, 3G among others) in a HetNet environment. This imposes stringent design requirements on the RF transceiver, a key consumer of power in networks today. This chapter will investigate the key RF subsystems forming part of the 5G RF transceiver, where energy efficiency and full radio flexibility are at the forefront of system design. In particular, we target advanced designs on antenna systems, RF power amplifiers and the challenges facing cross-talk in MIMO architectures