Economically significant diseases of cattle in the former GDR - causes and control

Titelblatt, Abkürzungsverzeichnis, Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\. Einleitung 2\. Material und Methodik 3\. Situation der Landwirtschaft und Agrarpolitik auf dem Gebiet der DDR 4\. Chronologische Darstellung der tiergesundheitlichen Situation in den Rinderbeständen der DDR 5\. Zusammenfassende Diskussion 6\. Zusammenfassung 7\. Summary 8\. Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis 9\. Anhang 10\. Lebenslauf Erklärung und DanksagungIn dieser Arbeit wird ein Überblick über die Entwicklung wirtschaftlich bedeutsamer Erkrankungen des Rindes auf dem Gebiet der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik von 1946 bis 1989 gegeben. Dazu wurde die zugängliche Literatur gesichtet und nach Zeitabschnitten geordnet ausgewertet. Die Wahl der Zeitabschnitte orientiert sich an der Entwicklung der DDR-Landwirtschaft, die in kurzer Form dargestellt wird. Im Laufe des betrachteten Zeitraumes änderte sich die tiergesundheitliche Situation in den Rinderbeständen grundlegend. Während zu Beginn Tierseuchen und Deckinfektionen die bedeutendsten Rindererkrankungen waren, nahmen gegen Ende nichtinfektiöse, vor allem fütterungsbedingte, Erkrankungen und infektiöse Faktorenkrankheiten diese Stelle ein. Von 1946 bis 1989 wurden in der DDR Rindertuberkulose, Rinderbrucellose, Trichomoniasis, Vibriosis und Dassellarvenbefall getilgt. Zwischen der Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft und den Erkrankungsschwerpunkten lassen sich eindeutige Beziehungen herstellen. Offenstallhaltung, Bildung von Großbeständen und industriemäßige Rinderhaltung verursachten spezifische tiergesundheitliche Probleme. Die Bekämpfung wirtschaftlich bedeutsamer Erkrankungen des Rindes erfolgte in der DDR durch ein umfangreiches staatliches Veterinärwesen unter zentraler staatlicher Leitung und Koordination. Die Wirksamkeit dieses Systems war insbesondere in der Tierseuchenbekämpfung gut, wurde aber durch die begrenzten ökonomischen Kapazitäten der DDR eingeschränkt. Bei der Bekämpfung von Tierseuchen und Parasitosen wurde vor allem administrativ vorgegangen. Gegen Tuberkulose, Brucellose, Dassellarvenbefall, Gelben Galt und Leukose wurden Flächensanierungsprogramme mit Erfolg angewendet. Es zeigte sich, daß Rückschläge in der Tierseuchenbekämpfung häufig durch Unsicherheiten in der Diagnostik verursacht wurden. Zur Überwachung der Herdensituation bezüglich Fruchtbarkeit und Stoffwechselgesundheit wurden Verfahren entwickelt und in Großbeständen eingesetzt. Die hierzu geschaffenen umfangreichen wissenschaftlichen Vorarbeiten könnten und sollten ebenso wie veterinär- und seuchenhygienische Grundanforderungen Eingang in eine prophylaktisch orientierte tierärztliche Betreuung von Rinderbeständen finden.This study is a review of the development of economically significant diseases of cattle within the territory of the former German Democratic Republic from 1946 to 1989. The available literature was screened and evaluated according to certain time periods. These time periods were based on the development of GDR- agriculture, which is briefly summarized. The state of animal health in live stock cattle changed significantly during the course of the study period. In the beginning epidemics and venereal diseases were the most important cattle diseases, whereas towards the end, non-infectious diseases, particularly nutritional disorders, and multifactorial infectious diseases took this place. Bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, trichomoniasis, vibriosis and warble fly infestation were eradicated in the GDR from 1946 to 1989. A significant relationship can be established between the development of agriculture and the main foci of diseases. Freestall housing, the foundation of large-scale live stock enterprises and industrialized cattle production caused specific animal health problems. Control of economically significant cattle diseases in the GDR was performed by an extensive public veterinary service under central government guidance and coordination. The efficiency of this system was high, especially in controlling epidemics, but it was restricted to the limited economic capacities of the GDR. The control of animal epidemics and parasitoses was mainly performed in an administrative manner. Area sanitation programmes were successfully applied for tuberculosis, brucellosis, warble fly infestation, mastitis agalactiae and leucosis. It was shown, that set-backs in controlling animal epidemics were often caused by uncertainties in diagnostic measures. To supervise the herd health situation relative to fertility and metabolic herd health, specific procedures were developed and applied in large live stock farms. The extensive scientific preparatory works on this matter as well as basic veterinary and epidemic hygienic demands, could and should be used in a prophylactically orientated veterinary care of cattle enterprises

Sublabel-Accurate Relaxation of Nonconvex Energies

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