Upravljanje dišnim putom tijekom izvođenja laparoskopske kolecistektomije - usporedna analiza

In this study, we aimed to compare supraglottic airway devices (Supreme and i-gel laryngeal mask) with tracheal tube with respect to airway control and efficiency in ventilation and oxygenation. The study included 325 patients of ASA I-II who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In group 1, the airway was secured using endotracheal intubation (115 patients). In group 2 (103 patients), LMA Supreme was applied, whereas i-gel mask was used for airway management in group 3 (107 patients). Monitoring parameters were recorded and compared using t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s test and χ2-test. The following parameters were monitored: insertion time, number of attempts for device placement, oropharyngeal seal pressure, etc. Insertion time was longest in group 1 (14.7±1.65 s) as compared to group 2 (15.5±1.05 s) and group 3 (14.1±1.27 s); ANOVA test yielded a statistically significant difference (p<0.01). Insertion success rate was almost identical in all three groups (p=0.907, χ2-test). Comparison of oropharyngeal seal pressure between group 2 (35.95±2.92 cm H2O) and group 3 (36.47±1.43 cm H2O) yielded no statistical difference (p=0.314, t-test). Endotracheal tube, Supreme and i-gel laryngeal masks were shown to be equally efficient in airway management in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All three devices enabled efficient ventilation and oxygenation despite certain pathophysiological changes associated with laparoscopy.Ova studija je imala za cilj pružiti usporedbeni prikaz primjene supraglotičnih uređaja (laringealne maske Supreme i i-gel) s endotrahealnom intubacijom u kontroli dišnih putova, učinkovitosti ventilacije i oksigenacije tijekom izvođenja kirurških laparoskopskih operacija. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 325 bolesnika, ASA klasifikacije I.-II. U prvoj skupini (115 bolesnika) dišni sustav je bio opskrbljen endotrahealnom intubacijom. U drugoj skupini (103 bolesnika) primijenjena je laringealna maska tipa Supreme, dok je maska i-gel korištena za kontrolu dišnih putova u trećoj ispitivanoj skupini (107 bolesnika). Promatrani parametri zabilježeni su i uspoređeni primjenom t-testa, ANOVA testa, Tukeyjeva testa i χ2-testa. Tijekom praćenja zabilježeno je vrijeme postavljanja, broj pokušaja, orofaringealnog tlaka zaptivanja itd. Vrijeme postavljanja bilo je najduže u prvoj (14,7±1,65s), zatim u drugoj (15,5±1,05s) i najkraće u trećoj skupini bolesnika (14,1±1,27s). Usporedba testom ANOVA pokazala je statistički značajnu razliku (p<0,01). Izvedba postavljanja bila je gotovo jednaka u sve tri ispitane skupine (p=0,907, χ2-test). Usporedba orofaringealnog tlaka zaptivanja između druge (35,95±2,92 cm H2O) i treće skupine (36,47±1,43 cm H2O) nije dala statističku značajnost (p=0,314, t-test). Endotrahealna cijev, laringealne maske Supreme i i-gel bile su podjednako učinkoviti uređaji za upravljanje dišnim putovima u laparoskopskim intervencijama. Omogućuju učinkovitu ventilaciju i oksigenaciju bez obzira na bilo kakve specifične patofiziološke promjene koje prate laparoskopsku kolecistektomiju

Epidemiological aspects of Lyme disease on the teritory of Belgrade city

Aim: To evaluate risk from Lyme disease regarding way of removing ticks and time of ticks attachment on the skin. Evaluate clinical manifestations among patients with Lyme disease registered in Belgrade. Calculate values of ecologic and entomologic risk index in selected sites and existence of correlation with number of Lyme disease cases. Methods and subjects: The study covered a ten-year period from 2000 through 2009 year. The study included 5366 persons with the tick bite in the Institute of Epidemiology MMA and 1178 patients with Lyme disease registered on the territory of Belgrade. Epidemiological questionnaire was used to collect information about time and place of a tick bite, the method of removing the tick, the time spent in the skin, the remnants of the tick in the skin and the appearance of clinical manifestations of LB. On 5 sites in the territory of the five municipalities of Belgrade, selected on the basis of epidemiological ecological indications, 9648 ticks were collected and determined. Ticks were determined by the type by key of Pomerancev and developmental stage and gender according to the methodology of Furman and Katts. The presence of B. burgdorferi in ticks was determined by microscopy of native preparations in moist dark field microscopy by Kovalevsky's method. Entomological risk index is determined by the methodology Mather et al, and ecological index is determined by the methodology of Schulz et al. Results: Clinical manifestations of Lyme disease manifested in the form of EM were recorded in 29/5366 (0.5%) persons with a tick bite. The risk of developing Lyme disease was significantly higher in patients who had tick attached on skin from 48-72 hours (RR 28.67, 95% CI, 3.21 to 255.83, p = 0.001) and in patients with tick attached longer than 72 hours (RR, 37.64; 95% CI, 4.22 to 335.7, p = 0.0004). People who were removing ticks by themselves were at greater risk of developing LB (RR = 7.01, 95% CI, 3.11 to 15.79; χ2 = 30.01, p <0.0001) as well as those in whom the tick was not completely removed (RR = 10.78, 95% CI, 4.93 to 23.60, p <0.0001, Fisher's exact probability test). In patients with Lyme disease are the most common skin manifestations were 1098/1178 (93.21%), while the other clinical manifestations were present in much vii smaller numbers: neurological in 33/1178 (2.80%) cases, rheumatic in 29/1178 (2.46%) cases and cardiology in 13/1178 (1.10%). Entomological risk index showed a significant correlation with the number of patients observed by age (ρ = 0.628, p = 0.026) and months (ρ = 0.900, p <0.0001), but showed no significant correlation regarding the areas (ρ = 0.553, p = 0.167). Ecological index showed a significant correlation with the disease regarding areas (ρ = 0.918, p = 0.014). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that an early and proper removal of ticks are an important measure for the prevention of Lyme disease. Entomological and ecological risk index can be a useful tool for assessing the risk of transmission of LB in certain areas indicating the necessity of taking appropriate preventive measures at both the individual level and at the level of the wider community

Epidemija pandemijskog gripa H1N1 u Vojnoj gimnaziji

Background/Aim. The first cases of the pandemic pH1N1 influenza virus infection was observed in the United States and Mexico in April 2009 and the first laboratory confirmed case in Serbia was registered in June 2009. The aim of this paper was to report on the investigation of the first confirmed outbreak of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza in Serbia and to describe the clinical and epidemiologic findings from this investigation. Methods. Descriptive and analytical epidemiological methods were used. Data were collected from medical records of the Military School students and epidemiological questionnaire. Pandemic H1N1 infection was initially confirmed by the RT-PCR assay in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and subsequently by the complement fixation test in serum samples. Results. The attack rate of acute respiratory illness was 70.8% (204/288). Pandemic H1N1 virus infection was confirmed in 44 of 82 tested cases of acute respiratory illness (53.7%) The most common clinical manifestations of pandemic influenza H1N1 were fever (88.6%), cough (61.4%), malaise (38.6%), runny nose (36.4%), headache (29.6%), sore throat (20.5%) and muscle pain (15.9%). Conclusion. The findings from this investigation suggest that pandemic H1N1 influenza in a high military school was widespread but did not cause severe illness.Uvod/Cilj. Prvi slučajevi pandemijske infekcije virusom influence pH1N1 ustanovljeni su u Americi i Meksiku u aprilu 2009. a u Srbiji prvi laboratorijski potvrđen slučaj registrovan je u junu 2009. godine. Cilj rada bio je da se prikaže istraživanje prve dokazane epidemije pandemijske influence H1N1 u Srbiji i opišu klinički i epidemiološki nalazi iz ovog istraživanja. Metode. Primenjen je deskriptivni i analitički epidemiološki metod. Izvor podataka bila je medicinska dokumentacija učenika Vojne gimnazije i epidemiološki upitnik. Infekcija pandemijskim virusom H1N1 prvo je dokazana pomoću RT-PCR u nazofaringealnim i orofaringealnim brisevima, a zatim i reakcijom vezivanja komlementa u uzorcima seruma. Rezultati. Stopa javljanja akutnog respiratornog oboljenja iznosila je 70.8% (204/288). Infekcija pandemijskim H1N1 virusom potvrđena je kod 44 od 82 testiranih slučajeva akutnog respiratornog oboljenja (53,7%). Najčešće kliničke manifestacije pandemijske influence H1N1 bile su povišena temperatura (88,6%), kašalj (61,4%), malaksalost (38,6%), rinitis (36,4%), glavobolja (29,6%), gušobolja (20,5%) i bol u mišićima (15,9%). Zaključak. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju da je pandemijska influenca H1N1 bila raširena u Vojnoj gimnaziji, ali da nije izazvala teške forme oboljenja

ZP 6090 - novi hibrid kukuruza "Instituta za kukuruz "Zemun Polje"

Već više od sedam decenija Institut za kukuruz "Zemun Polje" kontinuiranim radom na razvoju i stvaranju novih hibrida kukuruza prati korak sa savremenim trendovima u oplemenjivanju kukuruza. Oplemenjivači u Institutu za kukuruz “Zemun Polje” svojim radom na stvaranju novih hibrida kukuruza nastoje da odgovore na aktuelne potrebe tržišta ali i da primenom savremenih tehnologija (dihaploidi, molekularni markeri...) ubrzaju i povećaju preciznost i efikasnost svojih programa. Uvođenjem i ispitivanjem genetičkog materijala različitog porekla (ex-pvp materijal) u selekcionim programima se povećava diverzitet oplemenjivačkog materijala. lako se, zbog klimatskih promena, tržište gajenja kukuruza u Srbiji pomera ka srednje ranim grupama zrenja, na tržištu postoji i dalje potreba za savremenim, prinosnim i stabilnim hibridima kasnijih grupa zrenja. Iz tog razloga Institut za kukuruz “Zemun Polje” posvećuje značajnu pažnju u svojim programima razvoju linija i hibrida kukuruza FAO 600-700 grupa zrenja. Kao rezultat tih programa je nastao i hibrid ZP 6090 koji je ispitivan u ogledima Sortne komisije Republike Srbije tokom 2021. i 2022. godine. Tokom obe godine ispitivanja na ukupno 13 lokacija, hibrid ZP 6090 se istakao odlicnim performansama. Hibrid ZP 6090 je hibrid namenjen primeni savremenih tehnologija gajenja kukuruza. Ovaj hibrid ima modernu arhitekturu bilike koju karakteriše umerena visina, nizak polozaj klipa i uspravan položaj listova. Na ovaj način omogućeno je gajenje u većim gustinama u odnosu na druge hibride iste grupe zrenja kao i primena intezivnog načina gajenja. Hibrid ZP 6090 pokazuje izraženu otpornost prema poleganju, a pokazuje i značajnu tolerantnost na sve ekonomski važnije bolesti i štetocine kukuruza. Zbog velike lisne površine, kvalitetnog zrna i izraženog staygreen svojstva pogodan je i za silažnu upotrebu

Comparative phylogenetic analysis of Dobrava-Belgrade virus l and s genetic segments isolated from an animal reservoir in Serbia

The Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) is a member of the Bunyaviridae family, genus Hantavirus, possessing a single-stranded RNA genome consisting of three segments, designated L (large), M (medium) and S (small). In this study, we present phylogenetic analysis of a newly detected DOBV strain isolated from Apodemus agrarius. Analysis was based on partial L and S segment sequences, in comparison to previously published DOBV sequences from Serbia and elsewhere. A phylogenetic tree based on partial S segment revealed local geographical clustering of DOBV sequences from Serbia, unrelated to host (rodent or human). The topology of the phylogenetic tree was confirmed with a high percent of completely or partially resolved quartets in likelihood-mapping analysis, whereas no evidence of possible recombination in the examined S segment data set was found

Some traits of Verotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli isolated from cattle

Verotoxin-producing Esherichia coli (VTEC) is one of six pathogenicity groups of Eschericha coli. The reservoir for VTEC is the intestinal tract of domestic animals, primarily ruminants. Investigations in our geographic region have also demonstrated that domestic animals are a significant VTEC reservoir. In spite of this, sporadic diseases in humans caused by these agents are rare, and no epidemics have been registered so far. The question is, therefore, what percentage of VTEC isolated in our region have the characteristics of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) which cause intestinal diseases in humans. The aim of this study was to test the isolated bovine strains for some phenotypic and genotypic traits and to determine the percent of strains that belong to EHEC. A total of 105 VTEC strains isolated from cattle were tested for the presence of verotoxin (vtx) genes by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method. All of them possessed one or more vtx genes. In accordance with our investigations, only four (3.8%) strains, of a total of 105 VTEC strains belong to groups of EHEC. It may be concluded that the majority of strains isolated from cattle in this part of the world do not have phenotypic traits typical for EHEC. Therefore human VTEC associated diseases in Serbia are rare, despite the fact that domestic animals frequently harbor VTEC

Genetic distance of maize inbred lines based on SSR markers for prediction of heterosis and combining ability

Genetic distance among six elite maize inbred lines was analyzed using SSR markers. Hybrid progeny obtained by crossing inbred lines according an incomplete diallel design was tested in field trials together with inbred lines per se.The objective of this study was to determine genetic distance of inbred maize lines and to examine if a significant correlation exist between the genetic distance of parental lines and the exhibited high parent heterosis (HPH) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for grain yield, ear lenght, kernel row numberand number of kernels per row. Twenty one SSR primers were used for genetic assesment of inbreds with detected 92 alleles. Genetically most distant lines were ZPL1 and ZPL5 and ZPL6 with the GD value of 0.549, while the closest one were ZPL2 and ZPL3 with GD value of 0.11. The dendrogram distinguished two main groups of inbreds: ZPL5 and ZPL6 grouped in a smaller cluster and ZPL1, ZPL2, ZPL3 and ZPL4 forming the second cluster. Values of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between genetic distance among inbred lines based on SSR markers and SCA for all analyzed traits were positive and significant with the exception of rows per ear. Highest correlation was exhibited between the genetic distance and SCA for number of kernels per row (0.643). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between GD and high parent heterosis was positive and significant for ear length and kernel number in row with coefficient values of 0.554 and 0.611, respectively

Primena novih tehnologija u oplemenjivanju kukuruza u Institutu za kukuruz „Zemun Polje"

Institut za kukuruz "Zemun Polje" (MRIZP) razvija program oplemenjivanja kukuruza vise od 75 godina. Stvaranje novih hibrida, koji po svojim najvažnijim agronomskim osobinama prevazilaze hibride prethodne generacije predstavlja primarni zadatak svakog oplemenjivača kukuruza. Prisustvo ZP hibrida kukuruza na tržištima Republike Srbije, ali i u inostranstvu, zahteva stvaranje hibrida za različite agroklimatske uslove, kao i za razlicite namene. Spajanje različitih naučno istraživačkih disciplina dovelo je do ubrzanja i povećanja tačnosti procesa oplemenjivanja kukuruza, a samim tim i do smanjenja trajanja ciklusa oplemenjivanja kukuruza u svetu do pet, a u MRIZP-u na 6-7 godina. Od 2014. godine MRIZP uspešno primenjuje program dvostrukih haploida (DH) u oplemenjivanju. Primenom takvog pristupa storeno je više od 13.000 novih DH inbred linija. Kao rezultat primene DH tehnologije, registrovan je prvi hibrid ZP 4019. MRIZP intenzivno radi na karakterizaciji najelitnijeg materijala uz pomoc SNP (Single Nucleotide Markers) markera koristeći 25k SNP Ilumina Infinium Array. Na ovaj način je ostvaren najprecizniji uvid u germplazmu oplemenjivača, odnosno odredjivanjem genetičke udaljenosti (GD). Uz pomoć GD vrednosti povećana je verovatnoća dobijanja superiornih inbred linija i hibrida kukuruza. Već dve sezone MRIZP je započeo visokoinformativnu fenotipizaciju u polju (HTFP), koristeći RGB i multispektralne kamere zasnovane na dronovima za ekstrakciju i vizuelizaciju podataka po parceli. U ovoi fazi istražujemo mogućnost zamene ručnih merenja (kao što je broj i poleganje biljaka), dok je naš konačni cilj da upotrebimo HTFP za donošenje presudnih odluka za hibrid u našim programima oplemenjivanja

Epidemiological Predictors of Positive SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Test in Three Cohorts: Hospitalized Patients, Healthcare Workers, and Military Population, Serbia, 2020

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a fast-moving pandemic. Diagnostic testing, aimed to identify patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, plays a key role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in different populations. (2) Methods: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate predictors associated with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SARS-CoV-2 test results in hospitalized patients, healthcare workers (HCWs), and military personnel (MP) during 2020, before the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines. Persons with a positive test result were compared with persons with a negative test result in three cohorts during the study period. (3) Results: A total of 6912 respondents were tested, and 1334 (19.3%) of them had positive PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results. Contact with a known COVID-19 case within 14 days (p < 0.001; OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.25–1.76), fever (p < 0.001; OR: 3.66; 95% CI: 3.04–4.41), cough (p < 0.001; OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.59–2.30), headache (p = 0.028; OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02–1.50), and myalgia/arthralgia (p < 0.001; OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.65–2.42) were independently associated with positive PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results in the cohort of MP. Furthermore, fever (p < 0.001; OR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.83–4.13), cough (p < 0.001; OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.32–3.13), headache (p = 0.008; OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.15–2.68), and myalgia/arthralgia (p = 0.039; OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02–2.45) were independently associated with positive PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results in the cohort of HCWs. Moreover, independent predictors of positive PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results in hospitalized patients were contact with a known COVID-19 case within 14 days (p < 0.001; OR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.71–3.83), fever (p < 0.001; OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.38–2.59), pneumonia (p = 0.041; OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.01–2.09), and neurological diseases (p = 0.009; OR: 0.375; 95% CI: 0.18–0.78). (4) Conclusions: According to data gathered from cohorts of hospitalized patients, HCWs, and MP, before the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines in Serbia, we can conclude that predictors of positive PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results in MP and HCWs were similar. Accurate estimates of COVID-19 in different population groups are important for health authorities

The application of protein markers in conversion of maize inbred lines to the cytoplasmic male sterility basis

A total of seven maize inbred lines of different origin and maturity group were used in the trial set up according to the split-plot randomized complete block design in five environments. Each inbred was observed in five variants: original inbred (N); cytoplasmic male sterile C-type (CMS-C); restorer for CMS-C (RfC); cytoplasmic male sterile S-type (CMS-S) and restorer for CMS-S (RfS). The objective was to compare grain yield of original inbreds and their CMS and Rf variants and to apply Isoelectric focusing (IEF) to determine whether the conversion of original inbreds to their CMS and Rf counterparts have been done completely. Protein markers have shown that conversion of almost all inbreds was done good and completely. Only original inbreds ZPL2 and ZPL5 did not concur on banding patterns with their RfC variants. The type of cytoplasm had a very significant impact on grain yield. Namely, CMS-C counterparts significantly out yielded their CMS-S versions, while the inbreds with C and S cytoplasm over yielded inbreds with N cytoplasm, as well as their RfC and RfS versions