17 research outputs found
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å ±ãä¿¡ããŠããïŒèèå質ã®èªèšŒãéèŠããŠããªãã£ããThe history of beekeeping in Ukraine is more than 1000 years old, and has undergone many different challenges on its development path. Economic crises in independent Ukraine made household beekeeping production an important source of income, resulting therein that 98.9% of natural honey harvested in individual household apiaries represented 4.1% of country households in 2015. Beekeeping and processing practices are mostly traditional and are diversified by households and regions, based on the local agri-food culture. Principle component analysis and cluster analysis, using 11 variables from each of 25 regions, were undertaken to clarify the regional peculiarities of production practices and conditions. Three production region groups were defined as cluster 1 (the western part), cluster 2 (the central part), and cluster 3 (the south-eastern parts of the country). The region of cluster 1 is characterized by large forest areas and wild vegetation, and the area of melliferous agricultural crops and the number of household apiaries are the smallest of all the clusters. However, the price of honey sold by agricultural enterprises apiaries was the highest. In cluster 2, the area is a forest steppe zone and the agricultural economy has been developed. This cluster had the largest amount of honey produced by agricultural enterprises, but the price was the lowest. In cluster 3, agriculture and industry were highly developed, and honey productivity was the highest because of the largest area of melliferous crops. The results showed the necessity of a differentiated approach in the development of industry improvement measures through risk management, maintaining biocultural diversity, and agri-food culture in the country, as well as ecosystem services intensification. Research of consumersâ behaviour for honeybee products showed that people consume not only honey but various types of products and 85% of respondents had access to those products from family and friends. Consumers believe information given by beekeepers about honey production area and honey variety, and are not concerned about the availability of a honey quality certificate for commodities
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æ±ãã¬ãŒã·ã¢ã»ãµãå·ã®ã¯ã³ããµã³å°åã¯æ°èã®é«å°éèç£å°ã§ããã1980幎代以é,ãã£ã¡ãã³ãã€ã©ã³ããã移äœããè¯äººèŸ²æ°ã«ãã£ãŠéçŽçæ œå¹æè¡ã確ç«ããããæ¬çš¿ã¯,1999/2000幎ã«ã¯ã³ããµã³å°åã«ãããŠ34æžã®èŸ²å®¶ã察象ã«å®æœãã質å祚調æ»ã®çµæã«åºã¥ããŠ,éèæ œå¹ã®æè¡ãšçµå¶ã®å®æ
ãšåé¡ç¹ãæ€èšãããã®ã§ããã調æ»èŸ²å®¶ã¯åèš18çš®é¡ã®éèãæ œå¹ããŠããã,ãã£ãã,ãã¬ãã®,ããã,ã¬ã¿ã¹ããã³ãã³ãžã³ã®5çš®é¡ãäœä»é¢ç©ã®77%ãå ããããããäž»èŠéèã®é£äœãäžè¬åããŠãã,茪äœäœç³»ã®ç¢ºç«ãæãŸããããŸã,åœå°ã®éèæ œå¹ã¯ååŠåæè³æã®å€çšãç¹åŸŽãšã,蟲è¬æ®çã®ããã«ãã«ãã€ãã茞å
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è«å®³ã«ãããã®ãšèãããããéšããæ œå¹ã奚å±ãããŠãã,1äºäŸã«åºã¥ãèå¯ã§ããã,ãã®æçšæ§ã確èªã§ãããæåŸé¢æ°åæã®çµæ,äœä»é¢ç©ã®æ¡å€§ãšåéã®åäž(æœè¥éã®å¢å )ãæåŸå¢å ã«æçã§ããããš,ããã³èŸ²è¬ã¯éå°äœ¿çšã§ããããšã確èªã§ããããããã£ãŠ,茪äœäœç³»ã®ç¢ºç«,éšããæ œå¹ã®å°å
¥,æœè¥æ¹å,ããã³èŸ²è¬ç¯æžãªã©æ œå¹æè¡äœç³»ã®æ¹è¯ãæåŸåäžã®èª²é¡ãšèå¯ãããThe largest vegetable production area in Malaysia is Cameron Highlands on the Malay Peninsular, where intensive farming has been conducted for many decades. Kundasang area, located on the slope of Mt. Kinabalu in the State of Sabah, has recently grown to another major highland vegetable producer in the country. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 34 vegetable growers in the area in 1999/2000 in order to clarify the current conditions of vegetable farming. This paper presents findings of the study in relation to the following four subjects : vegetable cropping patterns, cultivation technology issues, vegetable farm income, and income function analysis. A total of 18 kinds of vegetable were grown during the period under study, but there was a heavy concentration on five kinds, cabbage, spring onion, tomato, lettuce and carrot, which constituted 77% of the total planted area. There were many cases of continued cultivation of the same species of vegetables, pointing to the need of establishing proper crop rotation systems. Vegetable cultivation also depended heavily on the use of chemical synthetic pesticide. Due to small farm size and low yield of vegetables, vegetable farm income was relatively low. It appeared that low yield was mainly caused by pests and diseases under severely wet conditions. Introduction of rain shelter was considered essential for the improvement of vegetable farming in the area. Income function analysis also confirmed that an increase in vegetable income could be expected from a larger planted area and a higher dosage of fertilizer. However, importantly, pesticide appeared to be applied beyond the optimum level
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調æ»ã«åºã¥ããŠ,äž»èŠäœç©ã®è©Šç®åæãè¡ã£ããåœæã§ã¯å¹³åŠéšã«çæŒçãååšã販売ãç®çãšããéçŽçãªéèæ œå¹ãè¡ãããŠããã,èåŸã®æé¢ã«äœçœ®ãã倩氎çã§ã¯ãžã£ã¬ã€ã¢æ œå¹ã軞ãšãã茪äœã«ãã£ãŠèªçµŠçãªèŸ²æ¥ãè¡ãããŠãããããããã¯èŸ²å®¶è³ªå祚調æ»ã«ãã£ãŠéèæ œå¹ã®æè¡ã»çµå¶ããŒã¿ãåéãçŸåšåæäžã§ãããæ¬çš¿ã¯èŸ²å®¶çµæžã®éèŠãªäžéšãæãæé¢èŸ²æ¥ã«éå®ããè«èã§ãã,蟲家ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§åéããæ
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åãããã«æ®ã£ãŠãã,3,800mãäžåãé«æšé«å°åž¯ã§ã¯æ人ã«ããèªç±ãªäœä»ããä¿èšŒãããŠããããããã£ãŠ,ãŸãåå°å¶åºŠãšææå°ã®å©çšç¶æ³ãè«è¿°ããŠãã,äž»èŠäœç©(ãžã£ã¬ã€ã¢,ããŠã¢ãã³ã·,ãœã©ãã¡,ãšã³ããŠãã¡,ãªãªã ã®,ã³ã ã®)ããã³åšæ¥æ ¹èãã·ã¥ã¢ãåäžã,茪äœäœç³»äžã«ãããæ œå¹æè¡ãšçµæžæ§ã解æããããã®çµæ,ã¢ã³ãã¹èŸ²æ°ã®äž»é£ã§ãããžã£ã¬ã€ã¢,ããŠã¢ãã³ã·ããã³ãœã©ãã¡ã®æ œå¹ã«ãããŠã¯çµæžçæç¶æ§ã確èªã§ãããããã,ãžã£ã¬ã€ã¢ã®çç£ãªã¹ã¯ãèããé«ãããšãæããã«ãªã,åéã¯äœããäœã³ã¹ãæ œå¹ã®ãã·ã¥ã¢ã家æã®äž»é£ç¢ºä¿ã«ãããä¿éºæ©èœãæãããšèãããããAs a part of the Academic Frontier Research Project, Tokyo University of Agriculture, we conducted an agricultural survey in Pucara Village, Mantaro Valley, in September 2002. There are two types of land in this village, flat irrigated fields and slope fields. Intensive vegetable cultivation is practiced in the flat area for commercial purposes, whereas traditional potato farming under a crop rotation system is observed on the slope fields. This paper focuses on slope farming, which is an important part of the farm household economy in this village, while a detailed analysis of vegetable cultivation will be presented elsewhere. We conducted a series of intensive interviews with the villagers with respect to their land use, crop cultivation, and costs-and-returns. Based on these data, land tenure and land use will first be clarified in this paper, as the communal land located at parts higher than 3,800m in altitude is used freely by the villagers. This will be followed by the clarification of crop rotation systems, and cultivation techniques and economics of the major crops. Seven crops, potato, corn, broad beans, green peas, wheat, barley, and mashua, are taken up for analysis. Budgeting analysis will show that the three main food items of the Andean farmers, potato, corn and broad beans, are grown in sustainable ways. However, potato appears to be a highly risky crop, due to the adoption of modern technology and price fluctuation, whereas mashua is considered to function as an insurance crop for the family need
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èŠã§ãããWhile application of optimum level of input for agricultural production is the basis of reducing environmental impacts, overuse of fertilizer and feed are observed in small scale intensive farming in developing countries. Agriculture in areas of higher elevation at the foot of mountains should be practiced in order to minimize environmental impact and to conserve the water quality to protect human health and quality of life, as well as the ecosystem of the lower regions. This research aims to clarify from an agroecological viewpoint the actual situation of agriculture and rural lifeline infrastructure of as possible sources of water pollution, through a case study in Petir village, West Java, Indonesia located at around 500m above sea level. Lifeline infrastructure for water supply and sewerage systems was not covered in this village. A total of 57% of the households took spring water and 37% used wells. More than 60% of the households did not have private washrooms at home, and used communal wash places. Estimated nitrogen emission from human drainage was 104kg/ha/year. Small scale farmers raised mainly goats and sheep at pens in home gardens, and free-range poultry of local chickens and waterfowls. In an estimation of the local farmers\u27 practice of feeding of the upper parts of sweet potato after harvest to goats and sheep, it was found that a total of 79% nitrogen remained in ort and feces as unused resources. Farmers practiced fresh water inland fisheries in average 110m2 of ponds for common carp, giant gourami and nile tilapia. Chicken manure was first put into the pond to propagate algae to produce fishes, which were fed pellets and green plants, completed within a year by intensive practices. They used water taken from and put out into irrigation canals once a month. By estimation of fisheries in Bogor Regency, only 23% of nitrogen was used for fish production and the rest was released to the environment, equivalent to 3,260t of nitrogen. In order to reduce water pollution by inland fisheries, animal husbandry and human life in the rural areas of higher altitude, it is considered to be an important issue that nitrogen emission should be converted for crop production as a nutrient by improving feeding practices and practicing appropriate agricultural techniques. Sustainable agroecology in the form of more integrated farming systems is needed for the function of material recycling with less external input by increasing the possibility of utilization of unused local resources
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系蟲æ¥ã®æè¡ãšçµæžæ§ããžã£ã¬ã€ã¢ã軞ã«è«è¿°ãããPeru consists of three agro-ecological zones : Coast, Highland, and Tropical Rainforest. Many kinds of crops and animals adapted to local conditions of Andes over a long history, and not only came to constitute unique highland agricultural systems but also diffused useful crops to the rest of the world. Especially well known is the adaptation of potato in Andes. In preparation for a full scale research in Peru, this paper aims to clarify agricultural and ecological characteristics of the three zones, examine agricultural production trends in recent decades, and discuss technological and economic aspects of potato cultivation based on field study conducted in the Andes. Although Andean agriculture may be characterized by low levels of productivity and income, it is expected to play a greater role in increasing domestic food production in Peru. Not only government institutes but also NGOs are actively involved in research and extension for the promotion of Andean agricultural development. Ecological agriculture promoted by one such NGO will be taken up for a case study of potato cultivation in highland areas
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ã®ç¹åŸŽãææ¡ãããããã§,貧å°çãé«ã,ç¹ç£åã®ããã°ã©ã ã®åãçµã¿ãå§ãŸã£ãŠãã4æã«çµã蟌ã¿ãè¡ã£ããããã§çŸå°ã«èµŽã,ããããã®æã®èªç¶ç°å¢ããã³æèœã®ç¶æ³ã«ã€ããŠæåœ¹å Žã§ã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒãäœæ°ãžã®èãåã調æ»ãå®æœã,蟲çæ
ç³»ã®æ§æãšèŸ²æéçºã®å¯èœæ§ãæ€èšã,æçµçã« 1æã«æ±ºå®ãããæåŸã«,察象1æã«ã€ããŠ,蟲æ¥äžã®èª²é¡ãæ確åã,ä»åŸã®ç 究ã®æ¹åæ§ã瀺ãããEconomic development has been accelerated by rapid industrialization, however poverty still remains as a major issue and improving income level is a significant agenda in the rural areas in Indonesia. In order to develop regional agriculture, the stability of both farm economy and agroecosystem as the bases of bioproduction are the main challenges. To pursue the sustainable development of regional agriculture, we set out to evolve a more diversified agriculture with special regional products for the elimination of poverty through the improvement of the household economy of small scale farms. This study aims to select a research site to integrate socio-economic as well as agroecological approaches as a practical science to find a new direction toward sustainable regional agriculture. Firstly, we chose 14 candidate villages in the rural area of Bogor, West Java, and sorted out the socio-economic factors by conducting principal component analysis to break down the characteristics of the villages. Four predominantly agricultural villages with the highest rate of poverty were selected. Then we conducted a field survey to clarify the natural environment and the actual situation of these rural communities by interviewing village officers and farmers. The potential for rural development based on diversified agroecosystems was considered and finally one village was selected. Agricultural issues in the intended village were overviewed and the direction of further research clarified
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害è«ã®çºçã«å¥œé©ãªæ¡ä»¶äžã«ããæ±åã¢ãžã¢å°åã§ã¯,é¶çŽ°ã§è³æ¬åãæè¡æ°Žæºãäœã,ãããæå¹ãªè²©å£²æ段ããããªã家æçµå¶ã,ææ©èŸ²ç£ç©ã®çç£ã»æµéã«æåããããã«ã¯æ§ã
ãªå°é£ãæ±ããŠãããGFã®åæçµæããèŠãéã,æ±åã¢ãžã¢å°åã§ã¯æè¡åã»è³éåã»è²©å£²èœåãåãã蟲äŒæ¥ã«ããææ©èŸ²ç£ç©ã®èªç€Ÿçç£ããã«ã¯åšèŸºèŸ²å®¶ãšã®å¥çŽçç£ã,ææ©èŸ²æ¥ã®æ¡å€§ãšæç¶ã«æå¹ã§ããããšã瀺åããããThis study clarifies the actual conditions and the problems of production and marketing of organic farm products by agribusiness in the Philippines. Through a case study of GROUMET FARMS INC (GF), the following issues could be identified in the promotion and the sustainment of organic vegetables by agribusiness. (1)GF has been continuously cultivating lettuce, six to nine times a year. Therefore the most important problem in organic production is how to maintain soil fertility by adopting crop rotation system and applying a large quantity of chicken manure and coffee pulp. An effective alternative method is to enlarge lettuce production on contract farms in the surrounding area, while gradually establishing crop rotation system on own farm. (2)The following three marketing strategies appeared to be effective for enlarging and stabilizing the farm management : a) increased demand at restaurants under direct management ; b) increased customers by establishing quality management system ; and c) setting up a special corner for organic products in supermarkets. In Southeast Asia while weather conditions favor the incidence of disease and insect damage, there are many problems challenging family farms of small scale, limited funds and low technology, for successful development of organic farm production and marketing. As is clearly indicated by the case study on the GF, development in organic farming can be expected from the increased production both on own farm and through a contract system by an agribusiness of high capability in technology, funding and marketing
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該åœDoctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDA