A case report on two superimposed foreign body coins in esophagus

Foreign body ingestion is a common occurence. We report a case of 8 year old male who presented with history of foreign body ingestion (coin).  He had frequent episodes of vomiting along with foreign body sensation. Later on two superimposed foreign body coins were removed by rigid oesophagoscopy

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia: effect of addition of corticosteroids after failure of diethylcarbamazine therapy

Successful response in diethylcarbamazine (DEC) therapy in tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) is not universal with a 20–40% failure rates in chronic cases. Corticosteroids have been used in such patients. However, their role in management remains ill-defined. A patient of TPE with incomplete clinical, haematological and physiological response to a standard 3 weeks DEC therapy received additional corticosteroids for the next two cycles, after which complete remission occurred. However, there was a relapse two months later with evidence of a chronic state requiring further treatment with corticosteroids with good response.Successful response in diethylcarbamazine (DEC) therapy in tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) is not universal with a 20–40% failure rates in chronic cases. Corticosteroids have been used in such patients. However, their role in management remains ill-defined. A patient of TPE with incomplete clinical, haematological and physiological response to a standard 3 weeks DEC therapy received additional corticosteroids for the next two cycles, after which complete remission occurred. However, there was a relapse two months later with evidence of a chronic state requiring further treatment with corticosteroids with good response

Equal Education

In educational research literature the role of education as a means for social upward mobility is quite well accepted. However, there are examples where education conserves and perpetuates social class. Each year, after the campus placements, one comes across a familiar situation where some students get selected and some others with equal academic achievements get rejected. This event occurs when one has nearly completed one’s education. The problem that lies at the root of this observation is that students do not enter school/college with equal cultural, social and economic capital. Teachers with their egalitarian values treat them as equals, making no distinctions among them. They ignore the obvious distinctions among students rather than addressing them, thereby, helping preserve these differences. The school teachers ignore, the college teachers ignore and finally the professional teachers also ignore the differences. Consequently, the differential in the cultural and social capital of students continues. To find out whether education preserves or bridges these differences the author studied the impact of annual family income, level of father’s education, level of mother’s education, father’s profession, mother’s profession, area of location of school and the medium of instruction at school on the preparation and performance of students in three different types of engineering colleges. Her sample consisted of 740 students studying in the third year of their 4-year engineering degree course. She compared the performance of students from highest income group with the students from lowest income group, performance of students whose fathers were uneducated with students with professionally educated fathers, students with uneducated mothers and those with professionally educated mothers, students whose fathers were engaged in agriculture with those whose fathers were in profession, students whose mothers were not working and those with mothers in profession, students from rural schools with those from urban schools, and performances of students from English medium schools and students from regional language medium schools through independent sample t-tests and found that though the means of students from high income families, from English medium schools, from schools located in urban areas were higher on all subjects in class ten and class twelve board examinations and higher Semester Grade Point Averages but some differences were not statistically significant. The findings are discussed along with educational implications. The paper is concluded with suggestions for the educators and their renewed responsibilities in the light of findings.

VARIED PRESENTATION OF PLASMACYTOSIS SEEN IN BONE MARROW AT A TERTIARY CARE SET-UP

Bone marrow plasmacytosis can have many causes ranging from non neoplastic to neoplastic conditions. The clinical presentations and the percentage of plasma cells may vary from one disease to the other. In the given case series, we have compiled the similar cases received at our tertiary care center and found interesting clinical presentations. Through this case series, we emphasise upon the utility of bone marrow aspiration in patients of Pyrexia of unknown origin to refractory anemias and/or lymphadenopathy

Are Face Detection Models Biased?

The presence of bias in deep models leads to unfair outcomes for certain demographic subgroups. Research in bias focuses primarily on facial recognition and attribute prediction with scarce emphasis on face detection. Existing studies consider face detection as binary classification into 'face' and 'non-face' classes. In this work, we investigate possible bias in the domain of face detection through facial region localization which is currently unexplored. Since facial region localization is an essential task for all face recognition pipelines, it is imperative to analyze the presence of such bias in popular deep models. Most existing face detection datasets lack suitable annotation for such analysis. Therefore, we web-curate the Fair Face Localization with Attributes (F2LA) dataset and manually annotate more than 10 attributes per face, including facial localization information. Utilizing the extensive annotations from F2LA, an experimental setup is designed to study the performance of four pre-trained face detectors. We observe (i) a high disparity in detection accuracies across gender and skin-tone, and (ii) interplay of confounding factors beyond demography. The F2LA data and associated annotations can be accessed at http://iab-rubric.org/index.php/F2LA.Comment: Accepted in FG 202

DeePhy: On Deepfake Phylogeny

Deepfake refers to tailored and synthetically generated videos which are now prevalent and spreading on a large scale, threatening the trustworthiness of the information available online. While existing datasets contain different kinds of deepfakes which vary in their generation technique, they do not consider progression of deepfakes in a "phylogenetic" manner. It is possible that an existing deepfake face is swapped with another face. This process of face swapping can be performed multiple times and the resultant deepfake can be evolved to confuse the deepfake detection algorithms. Further, many databases do not provide the employed generative model as target labels. Model attribution helps in enhancing the explainability of the detection results by providing information on the generative model employed. In order to enable the research community to address these questions, this paper proposes DeePhy, a novel Deepfake Phylogeny dataset which consists of 5040 deepfake videos generated using three different generation techniques. There are 840 videos of one-time swapped deepfakes, 2520 videos of two-times swapped deepfakes and 1680 videos of three-times swapped deepfakes. With over 30 GBs in size, the database is prepared in over 1100 hours using 18 GPUs of 1,352 GB cumulative memory. We also present the benchmark on DeePhy dataset using six deepfake detection algorithms. The results highlight the need to evolve the research of model attribution of deepfakes and generalize the process over a variety of deepfake generation techniques. The database is available at: http://iab-rubric.org/deephy-databaseComment: Accepted at 2022, International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB 2022

How to tackle complexity in urban climate resilience? Negotiating climate science, adaptation and multi-level governance in India

As the world’s population is expected to be over 2/3rd urban by 2050, climate action in cities is a growing area of interest in the inter-disciplines of development policy, disaster mitigation and environmental governance. The climate impacts are expected to be quite severe in the developing world, given its urban societies are densely packed, vastly exposed to natural elements while possessing limited capabilities. There is a notable ambiguity and complexity that inhibits a methodical approach in identifying urban resilience measures. The complexity is due to intersection of large number of distinct variables in climate geoscience (precipitation and temperature anomalies at different locations, RCPs, timeline), adaptation alternatives (approach, priority, intervention level) and urban governance (functional mandate, institutional capacity, and plans & policies). This research examines how disparate and complex knowledge and information in these inter-disciplines can be processed for systematic ‘negotiation’ to situate, ground and operationalize resilience in cities. With India as a case, we test this by simulating mid-term and long-run climate scenarios (2050 & 2080) to map regional climate impacts that shows escalation in the intensity of climate events like heat waves, urban flooding, landslides and sea level rise. We draw on suitable adaptation measures for five key urban sectors- water, infrastructure (including energy), building, urban planning, health and conclude a sleuth of climate resilience building measures for policy application through national/ state policies, local urban plans and preparation of city resilience strategy, as well as advance the research on ‘negotiated resilience’ in urban areasDFG, 414044773, Open Access Publizieren 2021 - 2022 / Technische Universität Berli

On Responsible Machine Learning Datasets with Fairness, Privacy, and Regulatory Norms

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made its way into various scientific fields, providing astonishing improvements over existing algorithms for a wide variety of tasks. In recent years, there have been severe concerns over the trustworthiness of AI technologies. The scientific community has focused on the development of trustworthy AI algorithms. However, machine and deep learning algorithms, popular in the AI community today, depend heavily on the data used during their development. These learning algorithms identify patterns in the data, learning the behavioral objective. Any flaws in the data have the potential to translate directly into algorithms. In this study, we discuss the importance of Responsible Machine Learning Datasets and propose a framework to evaluate the datasets through a responsible rubric. While existing work focuses on the post-hoc evaluation of algorithms for their trustworthiness, we provide a framework that considers the data component separately to understand its role in the algorithm. We discuss responsible datasets through the lens of fairness, privacy, and regulatory compliance and provide recommendations for constructing future datasets. After surveying over 100 datasets, we use 60 datasets for analysis and demonstrate that none of these datasets is immune to issues of fairness, privacy preservation, and regulatory compliance. We provide modifications to the ``datasheets for datasets" with important additions for improved dataset documentation. With governments around the world regularizing data protection laws, the method for the creation of datasets in the scientific community requires revision. We believe this study is timely and relevant in today's era of AI.Comment: corrected typo

Eozynofilowe zapalenie płuc na tle infestacji pasożytami — skuteczność leczenia kortykosteroidem po niepowodzeniu terapii dietylokarbamazyną

Dietylokarbamazyna w leczeniu eozynofilowego zapalenia płuc wywołanego infestacją pasożytem (tropical pulmonary eosinofilia) przynosi poprawę tylko u części pacjentów, a w przypadku fazy przewlekłej schorzenia leczenie jest nieskuteczne u 20–40% chorych. W tych przypadkach stosuje się kortykosteroidy, choć skuteczność tego postępowania nie została dotychczas potwierdzona. U opisywanej pacjentki po trzech tygodniach standardowego leczenia dietylokarbamazyną odnotowano jedynie częściową odpowiedź kliniczną, hematologiczną i fizjologiczną. Do dwóch kolejnych cykli leczenia dołączono kortykosteroid, co przyczyniło się do całkowitego wyleczenia. Dwa miesiące później doszło jednak do wznowy choroby, przy czym stwierdzono wykładniki fazy przewlekłej schorzenia, ale kontynuacja leczenia kortykosteroidem przyniosła zadowalającą odpowiedź kliniczną.Dietylokarbamazyna w leczeniu eozynofilowego zapalenia płuc wywołanego infestacją pasożytem (tropical pulmonary eosinofilia) przynosi poprawę tylko u części pacjentów, a w przypadku fazy przewlekłej schorzenia leczenie jest nieskuteczne u 20–40% chorych. W tych przypadkach stosuje się kortykosteroidy, choć skuteczność tego postępowania nie została dotychczas potwierdzona. U opisywanej pacjentki po trzech tygodniach standardowego leczenia dietylokarbamazyną odnotowano jedynie częściową odpowiedź kliniczną, hematologiczną i fizjologiczną. Do dwóch kolejnych cykli leczenia dołączono kortykosteroid, co przyczyniło się do całkowitego wyleczenia. Dwa miesiące później doszło jednak do wznowy choroby, przy czym stwierdzono wykładniki fazy przewlekłej schorzenia, ale kontynuacja leczenia kortykosteroidem przyniosła zadowalającą odpowiedź kliniczną